The regulation of agricultural land in South Africa : a legal comparative perspective

Date
2020-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: After 25 years of democracy, the legacy of land dispossession has not been redressed. The unequal distribution of agricultural land in South Africa is a direct consequence of the racially discriminatory laws, policies and practices which were in place for the largest part of the twentieth century. Accordingly, one of the key challenges the post-1994 government faced was how to address the unequal distribution of land –in general, but also specifically in relation to land for agricultural purposes. While there is consensus on the need for redistribution of agricultural land, much controversy persists around howto redistribute land so as to meet the various objectives, including a more equitable and diversified distribution of land ownership, food security, sustainability, affordability and effective implementation of relevant measures, undergirded by constitutionality. Accordingly, the question is not whether South Africa should pursue agricultural land reform, but rather howSouth Africa should go about it, specifically concerning the drafting and implementation of pertinent policy and legislative measures. In this process agricultural productivity, development and food security may not be compromised and mechanisms employed have to be aligned with constitutional imperatives, including the parameters provided for in the property clause, section 25 of the Constitution. The overarching aim of this dissertation is therefore to consider the regulation of agricultural land in South Africa from a land reform, specifically redistribution, perspective in order to assess whether current mechanisms employed as well as envisaged mechanisms are aligned with the Constitution, whether the approaches to acquiring agricultural land, flowing from the extant and envisaged regulatory framework, are likewise constitutional and whether, combined, an effective legal framework for redistribution in South Africa exists. With respect to the latter, efficacy for purposes of this study is linked to the legal dimension only and is not focussed on agricultural resources and components –in the broadest sense.For purposes of this dissertation, a comparative perspective is useful. It may be insightful to consider how Namibia and India (a) conceptualise the concept of agricultural land; (b) regulate agricultural land for redistribution purposes; (c) acquire agricultural land for redistribution and; (d) redistribute agricultural land. In light of the above, various recommendations are made, relating to a: (a) proposed definition of “agricultural land”; (b) legal framework for the regulation of agricultural land; and (c) legal framework for the redistribution of agricultural land in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vyf-en-twintig jaar na die aanvang van die demokratiese bedeling in Suid-Afrika, is die nalatenskap van grondontneming steeds voortslepend. Die ongelyke verdeling van landbougrond in Suid-Afrika is ‘n direkte gevolg van die rasgebaseerde en diskriminerende wette, beleide en praktyke wat vir die grootste deel van die twintigste eeu in plek was. Gevolglik was een van die belangrikste uitdagings wat die regering ná 1994 gehad het, die aanspreek van die ongelyke verdeling van grond –in die algemeen, maar spesifiek ook met betrekking tot grond vir landboudoeleindes. Daar is konsensus oor die noodsaaklikheid van herverdeling van landbougrond, maar daar is kontroversie oor die wyse waarop die grond hervderdeel moet word ten einde die uiteenlopende oogmerke, insluitend ‘n meer billike en verteenwoordigende eiendomsregprofiel ten aansien van grond, voedselsekerheid, volhoubaarheid, beskostigbaarheid en effektiewe implementering van toepaslike maatreëls, onderliggend aan grondwetlikheid, te bereik. Daarom is die vraag nie soseer óf Suid-Afrika grondhervorming van landbougrond moet beywer nie, maar eerder hóe te werk gegaan moet word, rakende die opstel en implementering van toepaslike beleidsdokumente en statutêre maatreëls. Landbouproduktiwiteit, ontwikkeling en voedselsekerheid mag nie deur die grondhervormingsproses in gedrang gebring word nie en die meganismes wat gebruik word moet belyn wees met grondwetlike imperatiewe, insluitend die parameters wat in die eiendomsklousule, artikel 25 van die Grondwet, beliggaam word. Die oorkoepelende doel van hierdie proefskrif is dus om die regulering van landbougrond in Suid-Afrika te oorweeg vanuit ‘n grondhervorming-, spesifiek herverdelings, perspektief ten einde te bepaal of die bestaande meganismes wat gebruik word asook voorgestelde meganismes, belyn is met die Grondwet, of die benaderings tot die verkryging van landbougrond wat vloei uit die huidige sowel as die voorgestelde regsraamwerk eweneens grondwetlik is, en of dit as ‘n geheel ‘n doeltreffende regsraamwerk vir herverdeling in Suid-Afrika daarstel. Ten opsigte van die laasgenoemde is diefokus van hierdie studie slegs die regsdimensie en is daar nie op landbouhulpbronne en -komponente –in die breedste sin –gefokus nie. 'n Regsvergelykende perspektief is ook nuttig vir doeleindes van hierdie proefskrif. Dit kan insiggwend wees om ondersoek in te stelhoe Namibië en Indië (a) "landbougrond" definieer (of konseptualiseer); (b) landbougrond reguleer vir herverdelingsdoeleindes; (c)landbougrond vir herverdelingsdoeleiendes verkry en; (d) landbougrond herverdeel. In lig van die bogenoemde word ‘n verskeidenheid aanbevelings gemaak, insluitend ‘n: (a) voorgestelde definisie van “landbougrond”; (b) regsraamwerk vir die regulering van landbougrond; en (c) regsraamwerk vir die herverdeling van landbougrond in Suid-Afrika.
Description
Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.
Keywords
Regulation of agricultural land, Agricultural laws and legislation -- South Africa, Land dispossession, Land reform -- South Africa
Citation