Codeine misuse and dependence in South Africa : perspectives of addiction treatment providers
Date
2017
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Health and Medical Publishing Group
Abstract
Background. General practitioners are referring patients with codeine-related problems to specialist treatment facilities, but little is known about the addiction treatment providers, the kinds of treatment they provide, and whether training or other interventions are needed to strengthen this sector.
Objectives. To investigate the perspectives of addiction treatment providers regarding treatment for codeine misuse or dependence.
Method. Twenty addiction treatment providers linked to the South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use and the South African Addiction Medicine Society were contacted telephonically and asked 20 questions.
Results. While many participants had received training in pharmacological management of individuals with opioid dependence, only two had received specific training on codeine management. Between half and two-thirds of the treatment settings they worked in provided detoxification, pharmacotherapy, psychosocial treatment and aftercare. Very few treatment settings offered long-term treatment for codeine misuse and dependence. Participants indicated that over half of their codeine patients entered treatment for intentional misuse for intoxication, and dependence resulting from excessive or long-term use. The main barriers to patients entering treatment were seen as denial of having a problem, not being ready for change, mental health problems, stigma, and affordability of treatment. Participants identified a need for further training in how to manage withdrawal and detoxification, treatment modalities including motivational interviewing, and relapse prevention.
Conclusions. Gaps in training among treatment providers need to centre on how to manage withdrawal from codeine use and detoxification, motivational interviewing and relapse prevention. Interventions are needed to address barriers to entering treatment, including user denial.
Description
CITATION: Parry, C. D. H., et al. 2017. Codeine misuse and dependence in South Africa : perspectives of addiction treatment providers. South African Medical Journal, 107(5):451-456, doi:10.7196/SAMJ.2017.v107i5.12242.
The original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj
The original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj
Keywords
Codeine -- Drug use -- South Africa, Rehabilitation centers -- South Africa, Drug addiction -- Treatment -- South Africa, Drug addiction -- Medical care -- South Africa
Citation
Parry, C. D. H., et al. 2017. Codeine misuse and dependence in South Africa : perspectives of addiction treatment providers. South African Medical Journal, 107(5):451-456, doi:10.7196/SAMJ.2017.v107i5.12242