Global mortality from firearms, 1990-2016

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dc.contributor.authorNaghavi, Mohsenen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMarczak, Laurie B.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKutz, Michaelen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorShackelford, Katya Anneen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorArora, Meghaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMiller-Petrie, Mollyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAichour, Miloud Taki Eddineen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAkseer, Nadiaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAl-Raddadi, Rajaa M.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAlam, Khurshiden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAlghnam, Suliman A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAntonio, Carl Abelardo T.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAremu, Olatundeen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorArora, Amiten_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAsadi-Lari, Mohsenen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAssadi, Rezaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAtey, Tesfay Meharien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAvila-Burgos, Leticiaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAwasthi, Ashishen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorQuintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayalaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBarker-Collo, Suzanne Lynen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBarnighausen, Till Winfrieden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzaden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBehzadifar, Masouden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBehzadifar, Meysamen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBennett, James R.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBhalla, Ashishen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBhutta, Zulfiqar A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBilal, Arebu Issaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBorges, Guilhermeen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBorschmann, Rohanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBrazinova, Alexandraen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRincon, Julio Cesar Campuzanoen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Felixen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCastaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDandona, Laliten_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDandona, Rakhien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDargan, Paul I.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDe Leo, Diegoen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDharmaratne, Samath Dhammindaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDing, Eric L.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDo, Huyen Phucen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDoku, David Teyeen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDoyle, Kerrie E.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDriscoll, Tim Roberten_ZA
dc.contributor.authorEdessa, Dumessaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorEl-Khatib, Ziaden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorEndries, Aman Yesufen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorEsteghamati, Alirezaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFaro, Andreen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFarzadfar, Farshaden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFeigin, Valery L.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFischer, Florianen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorForeman, Kyle J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFranklin, Richard Charlesen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFullman, Nancyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFutran, Neal D.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGebrehiwot, Tsegaye Teweldeen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGutierrez, Reyna Almaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHafezi-Nejad, Nimaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBidgoli, Hassan Haghparasten_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHailu, Gessessew Bugssaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHaro, Josep Mariaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHassen, Hamid Yimamen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHawley, Caitlinen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHendrie, Deliaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHijar, Marthaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHu, Guoqingen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorIlesanmi, Olayinka Stephenen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorJakovljevic, Mihajloen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorJames, Spencer L.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorJayaraman, Sudhaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorJonas, Jost B.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKahsay, Amahaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKasaeian, Amiren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKeiyoro, Peter Njengaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKhader, Yousefen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKhalil, Ibrahim A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKhang, Young-Hoen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKhubchandani, Jagdishen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmaden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKieling, Christianen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKim, Yun Jinen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKosen, Soewartaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKrohn, Kristopher J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKumar, G. Anilen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLami, Faris Hasanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLansingh, Van C.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLarson, Heidi Janeen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLinn, Shaien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLunevicius, Raimundasen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAbd El Razek, Hassan Magdyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAbd El Razek, Muhammed Magdyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMalekzadeh, Rezaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMalta, Deborah Carvalhoen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMason-Jones, Amanda J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMatzopoulos, Richarden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMemiah, Peter T. N.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMendoza, Walteren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMeretoja, Tuomo J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMezgebe, Haftay Berhaneen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Ted R.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMohammed, Shafiuen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMoradi-Lakeh, Maziaren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMori, Rintaroen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNand, Devinaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNguyen, Cuong Taten_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLe Nguyen, Quyenen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNingrum, Dina Nur Anggrainien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorOgbo, Felix Akpojeneen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorOlagunju, Andrew T.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPatton, George C.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPhillips, Michael R.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPolinder, Suzanneen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPourmalek, Farshaden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorQorbani, Mostafaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRahimi-Movaghar, Afarinen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRahimi-Movaghar, Vafaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRahman, Mahfuzaren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRai, Rajesh Kumaren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRanabhat, Chhabi Lalen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRawaf, David Laithen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRawaf, Salmanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRowhani-Rahbar, Alien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSafdarian, Mahdien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSafiri, Saeiden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSagar, Rajeshen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSalama, Joseph S.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSanabria, Juanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMilicevic, Milena M. Santricen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigoen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSartorius, Bennen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSatpathy, Maheswaren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSchwebel, David C.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSeedat, Sorayaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSepanlou, Sadaf G.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorShaikh, Masood Alien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSharew, Nigussie Tadesseen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorShiue, Ivyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Jasvinder A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSisay, Mekonnenen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSkirbekk, Vegarden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFilho, Adauto Martins Soaresen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorStein, Dan J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorStokes, Mark Andrewen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSufiyan, Mu’awiyyah Babaleen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSwaroop, Mamtaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSykes, Bryan L.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTabares-Seisdedos, Rafaelen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTadese, Fentawen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTran, Bach Xuanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTran, Tung Thanhen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorUkwaja, Kingsley Nnannaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVasankari, Tommi Juhanien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVlassov, Vasilyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWerdecker, Andreaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorYe, Pengpengen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorYip, Paulen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorYonemoto, Naohiroen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorYounis, Mustafa Z.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorZaidi, Zoubidaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorZaki, Maysaa El Sayeden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHay, Simon I.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLim, Stephen S.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLopez, Alan D.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMokdad, Ali H.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVos, Theoen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMurray, Christopher J. L.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-11T09:36:59Z
dc.date.available2019-10-11T09:36:59Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.descriptionCITATION: Naghavi, M., et al. 2018. Global mortality from firearms, 1990-2016. Journal of the American Medical Association, 320(8):792-814, doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10060.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama
dc.description.abstractImportance: Understanding global variation in firearm mortality rates could guide prevention policies and interventions. Objective: To estimate mortality due to firearm injury deaths from 1990 to 2016 in 195 countries and territories. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study used deidentified aggregated data including 13 812 location-years of vital registration data to generate estimates of levels and rates of death by age-sex-year-location. The proportion of suicides in which a firearm was the lethal means was combined with an estimate of per capita gun ownership in a revised proxy measure used to evaluate the relationship between availability or access to firearms and firearm injury deaths. Exposures:Firearm ownership and access. Main Outcomes and Measures: Cause-specific deaths by age, sex, location, and year. Results:Worldwide, it was estimated that 251 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 195 000-276 000) people died from firearm injuries in 2016, with 6 countries (Brazil, United States, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Guatemala) accounting for 50.5% (95% UI, 42.2%-54.8%) of those deaths. In 1990, there were an estimated 209 000 (95% UI, 172 000 to 235 000) deaths from firearm injuries. Globally, the majority of firearm injury deaths in 2016 were homicides (64.0% [95% UI, 54.2%-68.0%]; absolute value, 161 000 deaths [95% UI, 107 000-182 000]); additionally, 27% were firearm suicide deaths (67 500 [95% UI, 55 400-84 100]) and 9% were unintentional firearm deaths (23 000 [95% UI, 18 200-24 800]). From 1990 to 2016, there was no significant decrease in the estimated global age-standardized firearm homicide rate (−0.2% [95% UI, −0.8% to 0.2%]). Firearm suicide rates decreased globally at an annualized rate of 1.6% (95% UI, 1.1-2.0), but in 124 of 195 countries and territories included in this study, these levels were either constant or significant increases were estimated. There was an annualized decrease of 0.9% (95% UI, 0.5%-1.3%) in the global rate of age-standardized firearm deaths from 1990 to 2016. Aggregate firearm injury deaths in 2016 were highest among persons aged 20 to 24 years (for men, an estimated 34 700 deaths [95% UI, 24 900-39 700] and for women, an estimated 3580 deaths [95% UI, 2810-4210]). Estimates of the number of firearms by country were associated with higher rates of firearm suicide (P < .001; R² = 0.21) and homicide (P < .001; R² = 0.35). Conclusions and Relevance: This study estimated between 195 000 and 276 000 firearm injury deaths globally in 2016, the majority of which were firearm homicides. Despite an overall decrease in rates of firearm injury death since 1990, there was variation among countries and across demographic subgroups.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2698492
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent23 pages ; illustrations
dc.identifier.citationNaghavi, M., et al. 2018. Global mortality from firearms, 1990-2016. Journal of the American Medical Association, 320(8):792-814, doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10060
dc.identifier.issn1538-3598 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1001/jama.2018.10060
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106625
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherAmerican Medical Association
dc.rights.holderAmerican Medical Association
dc.subjectVictims of violent crimes -- Mortalityen_ZA
dc.subjectViolent deaths -- Statisticsen_ZA
dc.subjectHomicide statisticsen_ZA
dc.subjectSuicide -- Statisticsen_ZA
dc.subjectFirearms accidents -- Statisticsen_ZA
dc.titleGlobal mortality from firearms, 1990-2016en_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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