A study of political accountability, service delivery and political participation in South Africa

Date
2024-03
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY: Accountability in public service delivery has become a prominent issue, particularly for countries within the Global South. In theory, citizens ought to hold the state accountable for service delivery, which is usually done through voting. Existing literature, however, highlights that the relationship between citizens and government is highly complex when it comes to service delivery and accountability. To explore the nuances of this relationship, this dissertation examines political accountability, service delivery and political participation in South Africa. The relationship between service delivery and political participation is explored through two related themes. Firstly, this study considers what role access to public services plays in South Africans’ decision to engage in political participation, specifically by voting or taking part in protest action. In this regard, the research distinguishes between the provision of electricity and other public services (water, sanitation and refuse removal) since electricity provision in South Africa has its own unique challenges. Secondly, it considers how individuals' perceptions of their relative standing within South Africa affect their decision to participate politically. While previous research has indicated a general correlation between perceptions of relative deprivation or relative affluence and political participation, this dissertation examines the relationship for South Africa specifically. Chapter 2 investigates the different routes to political accountability in the context of service delivery in South Africa. The results indicate a breakdown in the relationship between public service delivery (i.e. water provision, refuse collection and flush toilets) and voting behaviour. Furthermore, the findings suggest that South Africans consider protest action as an alternative route to political accountability. In addition, there is evidence to support the notion that spoiled ballots could serve as another plausible alternative accountability route. Chapter 3 of this dissertation focuses on the dynamics between political participation and electricity specifically. The main results reveal that there is a significant link between both electricity access and reliability and the likelihood of political participation. More specifically, adequate electricity access is found to spur both voting and protest participation while unreliable electricity is found to depress both voting and protest participation. Chapter 4 explores the relationship between relative standing and political participation. The findings show that those with a higher relative standing are more likely to engage in voting compared to those with a lower relative standing, while those with a lower relative standing are more likely to engage in non-electoral forms of political participation (such as protest action) compared to those with a higher relative standing.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aanspreeklikheid in openbare dienslewering het 'n prominente kwessie geword, veral vir lande in die Globale Suide. In teorie behoort burgers die staat aanspreeklik te hou vir dienslewering, wat gewoonlik deur middel van stemmery gedoen word. Bestaande literatuur beklemtoon egter dat die verhouding tussen burgers en die regering baie komplek is sover ditdienslewering en verantwoordbaarheid betref. Om die nuanses van hierdie verhouding te ondersoek, verken hierdie proefskrif politieke verantwoordbaarheid, dienslewering en politieke deelname in Suid-Afrika. Die verhouding tussen dienslewering en politieke deelname word deur twee verwante temas ondersoek. Eerstens word gekyk na watter rol toegang tot openbare dienste in Suid-Afrikaners se besluit speel om aan politieke deelname deel te neem, spesifiek deur te stem of aan protesaksie deel te neem. In hierdie verband onderskei die navorsing tussen die voorsiening van elektrisiteit en ander openbare dienste (water, sanitasie en vullisverwydering) aangesien elektrisiteitsvoorsiening in Suid-Afrika unieke uitdagings het. Tweedens word gekyk na hoe individue se persepsies van hul relatiewe aansien binne Suid-Afrika hul besluit om polities deel te neem, beinvloed. Terwyl vorige navorsing 'n algemene korrelasie tussen persepsies van relatiewe ontneming of relatiewe welvaart en politieke deelname uitgewys het, ondersoek hierdie verhandeling die verhouding vir Suid-Afrika spesifiek. Hoofstuk 2 ondersoek die verskillende roetes na politieke verantwoordbaarheid in die konteks van dienslewering in Suid-Afrika. Die resultate dui op 'n verbrokkeling in die verhouding tussen openbare dienslewering (d.w.s. watervoorsiening, vullisverwydering en spoeltoilette) en stemgedrag. Verder dui die bevindinge daarop dat Suid-Afrikaners protesaksie as 'n alternatiewe roete vir politieke aanspreeklikheid beskou. Daarbenewens is daar bewyse om die idee te ondersteun dat bedorwe stembriewe as 'n ander aanneemlike alternatiewe aanspreeklikheidsroete kan dien. Hoofstuk 3 van hierdie proefskrif fokus spesifiek op die dinamika tussen politieke deelname en elektrisiteit. Die belangrikste resultate toon dat daar 'n beduidende verband is tussen toegang tot en betroubaarheid van elektrisiteit en die waarskynlikheid van politieke deelname. Meer spesifiek word voldoende elektrisiteitstoegang gevind om beide stem- en protesdeelname aan te spoor, terwyl onbetroubare elektrisiteit gevind word om beide stem- en protesdeelname te onderdruk. Hoofstuk 4 ondersoek die verhouding tussen relatiewe aansien en politieke deelname. Die bevindings toon dat diegene met 'n hoer relatiewe status meer geneig is om te stem in vergelyking met diegene met 'n laer relatiewe status, terwyl diegene met 'n laer relatiewe status meer geneig is om nie-verkiesingsvorme van politieke deelname te beoefen (soos protestaksie) in vergelyking met diegene met 'n hoer relatiewe status.
Description
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.
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