The development of a service oriented architecture for digital services on maritime vessels

Date
2022-04
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY: Digitalisation efforts in the maritime domain have, until now, predominantly focussed on ports and terminals. Contributions to the adoption of digitalisation technologies on vessels themselves stem mostly from industry, although the value of doing so has become increasingly apparent where digitalisation is said to present opportunities for improved vessel operation and performance. A popular approach to digitalisation, identified in the manufacturing and Industry 4.0 realms, is that of service-orientation and digital services. Here, systems are composed of discrete contributions, providing flexible and adaptable solutions to digitalisation challenges in dynamic environments with evolving needs. This thesis details the design, development, and evaluation of a service-oriented architecture to aid in decision-making on maritime vessels. This architecture takes a microservice approach to service-orientation, employing a custom variation of the API-gateway pattern to enable a flexible and reconfigurable system. The proposed architecture includes an aggregation layer to abstract coordination activities from the service layer, negating the need for a service-mesh in the backend. The architecture is tested and evaluated through a case study, carried out on the icebreaking polar supply and research vessel, the S.A. Agulhas II. This case study deploys information services and existing engineering models describing the vessel as microservices. Aggregating services are designed to leverage these services, providing information to aid in route planning and support more informed decision-making. The case study details specific technology implementations to provide the specified platform functionality, with the most notable of these being gRPC as an RPC framework. The experiments indicate that RPC is a suitable communication mechanism for in-memory aggregation and real-time data delivery in this context. However, it was discovered that the gRPC interceptor functionality is not a robust choice for all cases of rate-limiting and retry logic, and recommendations are provided for a revision of these components. This thesis concludes that the proposed architecture is successful in providing a reconfigurable service-oriented architecture for digital service delivery on maritime vessels. Generic platform components were developed in the four programming languages used in the case study, showcasing the interoperability of services written in various languages, and by various domain experts, within the system.
AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Die digitalisering van die maritieme veld fokus tans hoofsaaklik op hawens en terminale. Navorsing oor digitaliseringtegnologieë op skepe word meestal gedryf deur industrie en die waarde daarvan word beklemtoon waar hierdie digitalisering die werking en verrigting van skepe kan verbeter. ‘n Gewilde benadering in die digitalisering van die vervaardigingsindustrie, veral in die konteks van Industrie 4.0, is die van diens-oriëntering en digitale dienste. In hierdie benadering bestaan stelsels uit diskrete bydraes wat aanpasbare oplossings bied tot die uitdagings van digitalisering in dinamiese omstandighede met ontwikkelende vereistes. Hierdie tesis bespreek die ontwerp, ontwikkeling en evaluering van ʼn diens-georiënteerde argitektuur om besluitneming op maritieme vaartuie te ondersteun. Die argitektuur neem ʼn mikrodienste benadering tot diens-oriëntering en gebruik ‘n pasgemaakte variasie van die toepassingprogrameringkoppelvlak-poort patroon om ʼn aanpasbare en herkonfigureerbare stelsel te ontwikkel. Die argitektuur behels ʼn samevoegingsvlak wat aktiwiteite van die diensvlak koördineer om sodoende die behoefte aan ʼn dienstenet in die agtergrondverwerkingsvlak uit te skakel. Die argitektuur is getoets en geëvalueer met ʼn gesimuleerde gevallestudie gebaseer op ʼn ysbrekende, Antarktiese navorsingskip, genaamd die S.A. Agulhas II. Die gevallestudie pas inligtingdienste en bestaande ingenieursmodelle wat die skip beskryf toe as mikrodienste. Samevattingsdienste is ontwerp om hierdie mikrodienste te benut om inligting te verskaf ter ondersteuning van roetebeplanning en besluitneming op die skip. Die gevallestudie beskryf spesifieke tegnologie-implementerings om gespesifiseerde platformfunksionaliteit te verskaf. Die belangrikste implementering is die van gRPC as afstand-prosedure oproep raamwerk. Die eksperimente dui aan dat afstand-prosedure oproep ʼn gepaste kommunikasie meganisme is vir binne-geheue samevatting en intydse data-aflewering in die konteks van digitalisering van skepe. Ten spyte hiervan, is dit egter bevind dat die gRPC onderskepper nie ‘n robuuste keuse is vir alle tempo-beperking en herprobeer logika nie. Voorstelle om hierdie komponent te heroorweeg word verskaf. In die gevallestudie is generiese platformkomponente ontwikkel in vier programmeringstale, wat die samewerking van dienste – ontwikkel in verskillende programmeringstale en moontlik selfs gelewer deur verskillende spesialiste – ten toon stel. Die tesis kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die voorgestelde argitektuur slaag as ʼn herkonfigureerbare diens-georiënteerde argitektuur wat digitale dienste kan lewer op skepe.
Description
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2022.
Keywords
Service-oriented architecture (Computer science), Shipbuilding, Marine engineering, Remote procedure calls, Digital services, UCTD
Citation