Predicting sexual risk behaviour among late adolescents : the role of attitudes and ideology

Date
2022-04
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Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY: Sexual Risk Behaviour (SRB) among adolescents is a concern, both globally and in South Africa. SRB is defined by the increased risk of negative outcome, following two distinct routes: firstly an increased chance of contracting or transmitting sexual transmitted disease (STD), including the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); and secondly, an increased risk of unplanned pregnancy. SRB can have a direct long-term impact on one’s health and South African youth are facing a unique challenge in their reproductive and sexual health, because of a common culture where women hold a lower status and experience oppression within sexual relationships. Compounded by a patriarchal system common under traditional African cultures but not exclusive to them. Contributing factors to SRB are attitudes and behaviours originating from inequitable gender norms as well as hegemonic ideas of femininity ideology, underpinning the need for solutions focused on gender related issues that drive the epidemic. The aim of this study was to establish whether gender norms and/or femininity ideology predicts SRB. My study formed part of a larger study, exploring SRB and possible predictors thereof. This was a quantitative study which focused on heterosexual late adolescent female and male students from the Stellenbosch University (SU). Data were collected using an online survey with a cross sectional convenience sample from the SU student population. First a pilot study was conducted to test the reliability of the measurement instruments; the reliability of the measurement instruments was confirmed for, after which the pilot survey data were included in the main study. The sample consisted of n=698 female and n=379 male participants, aged 18 to 24 years, from different faculties at SU. I used four measurement instruments, namely the Gender Equitable Men Scale, the Adolescent Femininity Ideology Scale for Girls consisting of two sub-scales namely, the Inauthentic Self in Relationship and the Objectified Relationship with Body scale, the Adolescent Femininity Ideology Scale for Boys and the Sexual Risk Behaviour scale to operationalise my constructs and gather data. In answering my research aim the results showed that there was a non-statistical significant relationship between GEMS and SRB for females, GEMS for males showed a statistically significant relationship with SRB, translating to gender equitable attitudes predicting low SRB for males students, although with an R-square of 16.7 it showed little significance when translated to real life. For female students gender equitable attitudes showed no relationship with SRB. The results for AFIS and SRB for females and AFIS-B and SRB for males both showed a non-statistical significant relationship with SRB, translating to femininity ideology for both female and male students showing no relationship with SRB.
Riskante Gedrag (SRG) onder adolessente is kommerwekkend beide globaal en in Suid-Afrika. SRG word gedefinieer deur ʼn verhoogde risiko in negatiewe gevolge, met twee definitiewe rigtings: eerstens ʼn verhoogde kans om die Menslike Immuniteitsgebrekvirus (MIV) en ander seksuele oordraagbare siektes op te doen en te versprei; en tweedens; ʼn verhoogde risiko vir onbeplande swangerskappe. SRG kan ʼn direkte langdurige impak op jou gesondheid hê en jeug in Suid-Afrika word in die gesig gestaar deur ʼn unieke uitdaging in hul voortplantings gesondheid, as gevolg van ʼn kultuur waar vroue ʼn laer status het en onderdrukking in seksuele verhoudings ervaar. Vererger deur ʼn patriargale sisteem algemeen onder tradisionele Afrika kulture, maar nie eksklusief tot hul nie. Bydraende faktore tot SRG is houdings en gedrag met hul oorsprong in onbillike geslagsnorme as ook hegemoniese idees oor vroulikheidsideologie, dit onderstut die behoefte aan gefokuste oplossings rondom geslagsaangeleenthede wat die epidemie dryf. Die doelwit vir hierdie studie was om vas te stel of geslagsnorme en/of vroulikheidsideologie SRG voorspel. My studie is deel van ʼn groter studie wat SRG en moontlike voorspellers daarvan navors. Die studie is ʼn kwantitatiewe studie gefokus op heteroseksuele laat adolessente vroue en mans studente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch (SU). Data is ingesamel met die gebruik van ʼn aanlyn opname met ʼn deursnee gerieflikheidssteekproef van die SU student populasie. Eers is daar ʼn lootsstudie gedoen om die betroubaarheid van die meetings instrumente te toets; die betroubaarheid van die meetings instrumente is bevestig waarna die lootsstudie data by die hoof studie ingesluit is. Die steekproefhet uit n=698 vroue en n=379 mans deelnemers bestaan, met ouderdomme van 18 tot 24 jaar, van verskillende fakulteite aan die Universiteit Stellenbosch. Ek het 4 meetings instrumente gebruik vir my studie, naamlik die “Gender Equitable Men Scale” (GEMS), die “Adolescent Femininity Ideology Scale for Girls” (AFIS), wat bestaan uit twee sub-skale naamlik, die “Inauthentic Self in Relationship” (ISR) en “Objectified Relationship with Body” (ORB) subskale, the “Adolescent Femininity Ideology Scale for Boys” (AFIS-B) en die “Sexual Risk Behaviour scale” (SRB) om my konstrukte te operasionaliseer en data in te samel. In die proses om my doelwit te beantwoord het my resultate ʼn nie statistiese beduidende resultaat tussen GEMS en SRB vir vroue getoon. GEMS vir mans het wel ʼn statisties beduidende resultaat met SRB getoon, meenend vir die studie voorspel niediskriminerende geslagsnorme lae SRG vir mans studente, maar met ʼn R-Vierkant van 16.7 het dit nie werklik ʼn beduidende impak in die regte lewe nie. Die resultate vir AFIS vir vroue en AFIS-B vir mans het beide ʼn nie statistiese beduidende verhouding met SRB getoon. Beide die resultate vir AFIS en SRB vir vroue asook die resultate vir AFIS-B en SRB vir mans het ʼn nie statisties beduidende verhouding met SRG getoon, meenend dat vroulikheidsideologie vir beide vroue en mans studente geen verhouding met SRG getoon het nie.
Description
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2022.
Keywords
Teenagers -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa, Gender identity, Reproductive health, Sexually transmitted diseases
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