Exploring the experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities in accessing health and healthcare in a small, rural, South African town.

Date
2021-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
Background In South Africa there is an ongoing emphasis placed on non-discrimination and the rights shared by all people, including those living with disabilities but despite this commitment, those with living with disabilities, and especially intellectual disabilities (ID), are often marginalised from accessing opportunities and resources. In this research I provide a description of an understanding of health and the experiences of health services as told to me by a group of people with ID (PWID), to better understand their needs in creating health. Purpose To provide a description of the understanding of health and health care from the perspective of a group of adults with intellectual disability, contributing to the magnification of their voices within health-related research and service planning so eventually to benefit PWID more widely. Methods This is a qualitative, descriptive study that is heavily embedded within the context in which it takes place, a residential facility. In this study, I have framed my enquiries from an emancipatory perspective and used the lens of occupation to understand the participants’ experiences through the social model of disability. After extensive care was taken with the gathering of consent, data generation was performed through interviews with 14 participants. The transcribed nterviews were analysed using thematic analysis, while three interviews were also analysed according to narrative analysis. Findings The overarching themes that emerged from the data generated within this research were conceptualised into a model to show the multidimensional interaction of the participation in health-creating behaviours along a spectrum of agency and dependence, embedded within a social context. Several health- creating behaviours were highlighted and described. The participants’ experiences of interaction with health care services were also examined and discussed in terms of the interplay of trust, empowerment and power. Finally, three of the participant interviews were isolated and two narrative elements each were examined and described. Conclusions PWID have many contributions to make to a better understanding of the lived experience of health for themselves and others. The idea of interdependency of society can provide a basis to create more positive attitudes towards PWID and so free their voices to be better heard. People with and without disabilities live within contexts that affect their ability to exercise their personal potential and it is important to examine these influences before deciding to situate limitations that are experienced, within the individual. This interaction is especially stark in PWID.
Agtergrond In Suid-Afrika word daar 'n deurlopende klem geplaas op nie-diskriminasie en die menseregte wat deur alle mense gedeel word; Hierdie sluit diegene in wat met gestremdhede in ons gemeenskap saamleef. Maar ten spyte van hierdie houding, word diegene wat met gestremdhede, en veral intellektuele gestremdhede (IG), dikwels gemarginaliseer en ontneem van geleenthede en hulpbronne. My navorsing bied 'n beskrywing van ‘n groep individue met intellektuele gestremdhede, hul begrip van gesondheid en hul ervaringe van gesondheidsdienste soos aan my meegedeel. My doel, hiermee is om hul behoeftes in verband met gesondheidskepping beter te verstaan. Doel Om 'n beskrywing van die begrip van gesondheid en gesondheidsorg uit die perspektief van 'n groep van volwassenes met intellektuele gestremdheid te verskaf. Daardeur wil ek graag bydra tot die versterking van hul stem binne gesondheidsverwante navorsing en gesondheidsdiens beplanning, om uiteindelik mense met intellektuele gestremdhede, in die algemeen, te baat. Metodes Dit is 'n kwalitatiewe, beskrywende studie wat ingewortel is binne die konteks waarin dit plaasvind: 'n residensiële fasiliteit vir dié met gestremdhede. In hierdie studie het ek my navrae uit 'n bevryding perspektief gestel. Ek probeer, deur die oogpunt van arbeid te gebruik, om die deelnemers se ervarings deur die sosiale model van gestremdheid te verstaan. Na uiterste sorg geneem is met die insameling van toestemming, is data geskep deur onderhoude met 14 deelnemers uit te voer. Die transkripsie van die onderhoude is geanaliseer deur gebruik te maak van tematiese analise, terwyl drie onderhoude ook ontleed is deur ‘n narratiewe analise te gebruik. Bevindinge Die oorbruggende temas wat na vore gekom het uit die data is gekontekstualiseer binne 'n model. Deur hierdie model te gebruik word die multidimensionele interaksie van die deelname in gesondheidskepping, (binne 'n spektrum tussen hulpverlening en afhanklikheid), in 'n sosiale konteks, te beskryf. 'n Aantal tipes gesondheidsskepping-gedrag word beklemtoon en beskryf. Die deelnemers se ervaringinge van interaksies met die gesondheidsorgdienste is ook ondersoek en bespreek in terme van die wisselwerking tussen vertroue, bemagtiging en mag. Uiteindelik is drie van die deelnemers se onderhoude geïsoleer en word twee narratiewe elk ondersoek en beskryf. Gevolgtrekkinge Mense met intellektuele gestremdhede het ‘n baie bydrae om te maak, met betrekking tot 'n beter begrip van die ervaringe van gesondheid vir hulself en ander. Die konsep dat die samelewing interafhanklikheid is, kan 'n basis verskaf om ‘n meer positiewe houdings teenoor mense met intellektuele gestremdhede te hê en daardeur hul stem te bevry en beter gehoor word. Mense, met en sonder gestremdhede, woon binne kontekste wat hul vermoëns beïnvloed om hul persoonlike potensiaal uit te leef. Dit is belangrik om hierdie invloede te ondersoek voordat mens besluit om beperkings te stel op wat die individu binne hom/haarself ervaar. Hierdie interaksie is veral ooglopend in mense met intellektuele gestremdhede.
Description
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2021.
Keywords
Emancipation, UCTD, Intellectual disability, Health facilities, Rural health services
Citation