A competitive advantage analysis of South African vegetable sector : tomatoes, carrots and onions

Date
2021-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY : The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the competitive performance of South African vegetable sector; specifically, tomatoes, carrots and onions, in the African market, with emphasis on the recent years (2001 - 2018). A comprehensive approach is applied using an analytical framework that analyses the sector both quantitatively and qualitatively in order to highlight factors that enhance and constraint the sectors’ competitive advantage. Quantitatively, the study measured the competitive advantage of the South African vegetable sector using three indexes: relative trade advantage (RTA), relative comparative advantage (RCA), and net export index (NXi). The results show that South African vegetables (collectively) did not have a comparative advantage, neither are they competitive in the African market, however NXi values are quite high, showing that the vegetable sector is a net exporter. Individually, carrots and onions are found to be comparative and competitive in the African market, whereas tomatoes are neither comparative nor competitive. All three vegetables have high NXi values reflecting that the individual vegetables are net exporters. Main competitors in the African market for these three vegetables included Egypt, Morocco, Belgium and Netherlands. Qualitatively, a Vegetable Executive Survey (VES) of sector role players was conducted using a two rounds Delphi technique in order to identify factors that are enhancing and constraining the vegetable sector. A total of 48 factors are identified and they are rated on a five-point Likert - scale, with 5 being the most enhancing and 1 being the most constraining. Among other factors these are the most constraining factors, input cost, credibility of political system, land reform policy, social unrest and crime. Enhancing factors of South African vegetable sector includes expenditure on research and development, size of local and international market, consumer information of vegetables and economies of scale. The rated factors are grouped/clustered into the six determinants of Porter’s diamond model. The results showed that demand conditions, firm strategy, structure and rivalry, and related and supporting industries factors are the vegetables sector’s enhancing determinants. Government support and policy, factor conditions and chance factors are South African vegetable sector’s constraining determinants.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om die mededingende prestasie van die Suid-Afrikaanse groentesektor te meet en te analiseer; spesifiek tamaties, wortels en uie, in die Afrika-mark, met die klem op die afgelope jare (2001 - 2018). 'n Omvattende benadering was toegepas met behulp van 'n analitiese raamwerk wat die sektor sowel kwantitatief asook kwalitatief analiseer om faktore wat die sektore se mededingende voordeel versterk en beperk, uit te lig. Kwantitatief het die studie die mededingende voordeel van die Suid-Afrikaanse groentesektor gemeet aan die hand van drie indekse: onthulde vergelykende voordeel (RCA), relatiewe handelsvoordeel (RTA) en netto uitvoerindeks (NXi). Die resultate toon dat Suid-Afrikaanse groente (gesamentlik) nie 'n vergelykende voordeel gehad het nie, en ook nie mededingend op die Afrika-mark is nie, maar die NXi-waardes is redelik hoog, wat toon dat die groentesektor die netto uitvoerder is. Wortels en uie individueel word vergelykend en kompeterend gevind in die Afrika-mark, terwyl tamaties nie vergelykend of kompeterend is nie. Al drie die groente tipes het hoë NXi-waardes wat weerspieël dat die individuele groente netto-uitvoerders is. Die belangrikste mededingers op die Afrika-mark vir hierdie drie groente tipes was Egipte, Marokko, België en Nederland. Daar was kwalitatief 'n groente-uitvoerende opname (VES) gedoen van sektorrolspelers met behulp van die Delphi-tegniek van twee rondes om faktore te identifiseer wat die groentesektor verbeter en beperk. 'n Totaal van 48 faktore word geïdentifiseer en word op 'n vyfpunt Likertskaal geëvalueer waarvan 5 die mees versterkend en 1 as die mees stremmend identifiseer word. Onder meer is die mees stremmende faktore insetkoste, geloofwaardigheid van die politieke stelsel, grondhervormingsbeleid, sosiale onrus en misdaad. Versterkingsfaktore van die Suid-Afrikaanse groentesektor sluit in besteding aan navorsing en ontwikkeling, grootte van plaaslike en internasionale mark, verbruikers kennis van groente en ekonomiee van skaal. Die gegradeerde faktore word gegroepeer in ses determinante van Porter se diamantmodel. Die resultate toon dat die vraagstoestande, sakestrategie, struktuur en mededinging, en verwante en ondersteunende bedrywe die groentesektor se versterkende determinate is. Die regeringsondersteuning en -belied, faktortoestande en toevallige faktore is die stremmende determinate van die Suid-Afrikaanse groentesektor.
Description
Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2021.
Keywords
Competition -- Analysis -- South Africa, Vegetable trade -- South Africa, Tomatoes -- South Africa, Onions -- South Africa, Carrots -- South Africa, UCTD
Citation