The interactions between the soil yeast Papiliotrema laurentii and two Western Cape crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rooibos (Aspalathus linearis (Burm. F.) R. Dahlgren)

Date
2020-04
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated cereal crops and serves as a staple food for nearly one third of the world’s population. Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis (Burm. F.) R. Dahlgren) is a leguminous shrub endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, the leaves of which is used to produce a health promoting beverage, namely rooibos tea. Both these plants are cultivated on a large-scale in the Western Cape province. However, climate change and extreme environmental conditions in this region threatens the production of these crops, and subsequently declines in both wheat and rooibos yields have recently been recorded. Globally, declines in wheat yields threaten food security and, together with the need to mitigate the environmental consequences of nitrogen fertiliser, novel agricultural methods to improve crop production in a sustainable manner are increasingly being explored. One such method is the use of plant growth promoting yeasts (PGPYs) as bio-fertiliser, as it is known that PGPYs possess plant growth promoting (PGP) traits that can affect the germination and growth of plants. However, the effect of a yeast seed coating to increase the germination and growth of wheat is unknown. It is also unclear whether yeasts are present in the rhizosphere of rooibos and if these yeasts could benefit rooibos. Since the yeast Papiliotrema laurentii CAB 91 has previously been demonstrated to improve the growth of a variety of plants, we hypothesised that this yeast could be used as a seed coating of wheat and that potential PGPYs are present in the rhizosphere of rooibos that could affect the growth of this plant. To test these hypotheses, we first evaluated the PGP properties of P.laurentii CAB 91, before determining the effect of this yeast on the germination and vigourof three wheat cultivars, namely cv. Ratel, cv. SST027 and cv. SST047. It was found that P.laurentii CAB 91 produced a number of PGP traits and could increase the germination ofcv.Ratel and cv. SST027, while improving the vigour of all three wheat cultivars. Since thegreatest effect was observed for Ratel and SST027 seeds, these two cultivars were chosen to determine the effect of a P. laurentii CAB 91 seed coating on the growth of wheat plants under field conditions. We subsequently found that both Ratel and SST027 plants treated with the yeast produced grain with greater protein content than control plants and that P. laurentii CAB 91 also affected the grain morphology of SST027 plants. Furthermore, yeasts were isolated from the rhizosphere of rooibos plants and found to possess PGP traits. Subsequently, the effect of selected isolates and P. laurentii CAB 91 on the germination and vigour of rooibos was evaluated. Three yeasts, namely P. laurentii CAB 91, P. laurentii CAB 2913 and Papiliotrema terrestris CAB 2921 were found to improve the germination of rooibos seeds, while P. laurentii CAB 91 and P. laurentii CAB 2913 could also increase rooibos vigour. These findings indicate that P. laurentii CAB 91 could be used as a seed coating to improve the growth of a variety of plants, including wheat and rooibos, while yeasts originating from the rhizosphere of rooibos plants should be investigated further for their ability to improve plant growth under field conditions.
AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Koring (Triticum aestivum L.) word reg oor die wêreld gekweek en dien as stapelvoedsel vir meer as twee derdes van die wêreld se bevolking. Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis (Burm. F.) R. Dahlgren) is 'n endemiese peulplant wat natuurlik in Suid-Afrika se Kaapse Blommeryk voorkom. Die blare van die plant word gebruik om 'n gesondheidsdrankie, rooibos tee, te maak. Beide die plante word op 'n grootskaal in die Wes-Kaap provinsie gekweek, maar produksie word egter deur klimaatsverandering en ongunstige omgewingsfaktore bedreig. Afnames in dié gewasse se opbrengste is gevolglik onlangs in hierdie streek waargeneem. Globale afnames in koring produksie is veral kommerwekkend, aangesien dit wêreld voedselsekuriteit in gevaar stel. Tesame met 'n poging om die gebruik van stikstofbevattende kunsmis te verminder, word klem dus geplaas op die ontwikkeling van volhoubare alternatiewe metodes om gewasproduksie te verbeter. Die gebruik van plantegroei-bevorderende giste (PBG) in bio-kunsmis is 'n belowende tegniek om opbrengste te verbeter. Hierdie giste produseer plantegroei-bevorderende (PB) faktore en verbeter saadontkieming en groei van plante. Of hierdie giste gebruik kan word as 'n saadbedeking vir koring om die ontkieming en groei van dié plante te verbeter is egter onbekend. Verder, is dit ook nie bekend of giste voorkom in die risosfeer van rooibos nie en of hierdie giste die groei van rooibos kan bevorder. Aangesien die gis Papiliotrema laurentii CAB 91 voorheen die groei van 'n verskeidenheid plante verbeter het, het ons die vermoë van dié gis om die ontkieming en groeikragtigheid van koring te verbeter, as ook die gis se effek op die groei van koringplante in die veld geëvalueer. Verder, het ons giste uit die risosfeer van rooibos geïsoleer en getoets of dié giste PB faktore besit wat die ontkieming en groeikragtigheid van rooibos kan verbeter. Daar was gevind dat Papiliotrema laurentii CAB 91 'n verskeidenheid PB faktore besit en dat die gis die groeikragtigheid van drie koring kultivars, naamlik Ratel, SST027 en SST047, kon verbeter, terwyl die gis ook die saadontkieming van twee kultivars (Ratel en SST027) kon bevorder. Aangesien die gis die grootste effek getoon het op Ratel en SST027 sade, was dié kultivars gekies om die invloed van 'n P. laurentii CAB 91 saadbedeking op die groei van koring onder veldomstandighede te bepaal. Gevolglik, het ons gevind dat P. laurentii CAB 91 die graan proteïeninhoud van Ratel en SST027 plante vermeerder het, terwyl die gis ook die graan morfologie van SST027 verander het. Verder, het ons getoon dat die giste wat uit die risosfeer van rooibos plante geïsoleer is wel PB faktore produseer en dat die giste, P. laurentii CAB 91, P. laurentii CAB 2913 en Papiliotrema terrestris CAB 2921, die saadontkieming van rooibos kon bevorder. Die groeikragtigheid van rooibos was ook verbeter deur P. laurentii CAB 91 en P. laurentii CAB 2913. Ons wys dus dat P. laurentii CAB 91 as 'n veelsydige saadbedeking gebruik kan word om die groei van 'n verskeidenheid plante te bevorder, insluitend koring en rooibos. Verder, besit giste wat teenwoordig is in die risosfeer van rooibos PB faktore wat die groei van dié plant kan verbeter. Die invloed van hierdie giste op die groei van rooibos in die veld moet egter nog bepaal word.
Description
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.
Keywords
Yeast fungi, Wheat, Rooibos tea, Plant growth promoting yeast, UCTD
Citation