Emerging technologies: commercial readiness index(CRI) for medical additive manufacturing(AM)

Date
2017-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) has been widely used as a measure of technology maturity. However, TRL is not necessarily a good indicator of commercial readiness. In the renewable energy sector a Commercial Readiness Index (CRI) is used where only a technology with a high TRL qualifies for commercial readiness. Similarly TRL is used to measure the maturity of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies. This research proposes a Commercial Readiness Index (CRI) for Additive Manufacturing. A case-study on maxillofacial Ti6Al4V implants manufactured with AM is referred to in this study. The Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (CRPM) has been accredited to manufacture implants according to ISO13485. The commercialization of this manufacturing process is currently in the ramp-up phase. The commercial sustainability of the manufacturing process still needs to be valued. This research uses as a base the Commercial Readiness Index (CRI) assessment, created by the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) (2014a; De Jager 2017). The ARENA CRI is modified to apply to AM by using the analysis and synthesis approach. The CRI is divided into several independent indicators assessing various commercial aspects, and then they are combined into a single commercial index. Therefore, the CRI is compiled from commercial indicators: Regulatory Environment, Stakeholder Acceptance, Clinical Performance, Technical Performance, Financial Performance – Cost, Financial Proposition – Revenue, Funding, Industry Supply Chain and Skills, Market Opportunities and Company Maturity. A diverse group of 17 experts assisted in defining maturity in each of the commercial indicators. The compiled results are presented. The value of this research lies in the ability for investors to now assess the commercial viability of using AM in a specific product line. AM is considered a disruptive and emerging technology designated to replace conventional manufacturing processes. The outcome of this research is a suggested framework showing the Commercial Readiness Index (CRI) of the business process if the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) is matured. The two methods are compared and the result is that there exists a relation between the CRI and the TRL. The TRL can be used to assist in determining the CRI of the project. However, the certain indicators that determine the CRI are not dependent on TRL. The qualitative process used to determine the CRI will help decision makers formulate and implement innovative strategies within the complete product life cycle of this case study. The CRI tool aims at helping Small, Medium and Micro-sized Enterprises (SMME’s) to take their product to the market. This would mean more people embracing AM and enabling the average person to become economically active in the AM industry in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tegnologie gereedheidsvlak (TRL) word algemeen gebruik om volwassenheid van tegnologie te meet. TRL is egter nie noodwendig 'n goeie aanduiding van kommersiële gereedheid nie. In die hernubare energie sektor word 'n Kommersiële Gereedheidsindeks (CRI) gebruik waar slegs 'n tegnologie met 'n hoë TRL kwalifiseer vir kommersiële gereedheid. Net so word TRL gebruik om die volwassenheid van Toevoeging Vervaardiging (AM) tegnologieë te meet. Hierdie navorsing stel 'n CRI vir AM voor. 'n Gevallestudie oor maxillo-gesig Ti6Al4V-inplantings wat met AM vervaardig word, word in dié studie na verwys. Die Center of Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (CRPM) is geakkrediteer om inplantings volgens ISO13485 te vervaardig. Die kommersialisering van hierdie vervaardigingsproses is tans in die opbou fase. Die kommersiële volhoubaarheid van die vervaardigingsproses moet steeds waardeer word. Hierdie navorsing maak gebruik van die Kommersiële Gereedheidsindeks (CRI), wat deur die Australiese Hernubare Energie-agentskap (ARENA) (2014a; De Jager 2017) geskep is. Die ARENA CRI is aangepas om saam met AM gebruik te word deur die analise en sintese benadering. Die CRI is verdeel in verskeie onafhanklike aanwysers wat verskillende kommersiële aspekte assesseer en wat dan in 'n enkele kommersiële indeks gekombineer word. Daarom word die CRI saamgestel uit kommersiële aanwysers: Regulerende Omgewing, Aanvaarding van Aandeelhouers, Kliniese Prestasie, Tegniese Prestasie, Finansiële Prestasie – Koste, Finansiële Voorstelling – Inkomste, Befondsing, Nywerheid Voorsieningsketting en Vaardighede, Markgeleenthede en Maatskappy Volwassenheid. 'n Diverse groep van 17 kundiges het bygedra tot die bepaling van volwassenheid in elk van die kommersiële aanwysers. Die saamgestelde resultate word aangebied. Die waarde van hierdie navorsing lê in die vermoë vir beleggers om nou die kommersiële lewensvatbaarheid van AM te evalueer. AM word beskou as 'n ontwrigtende en opkomende tegnologie wat aangewys is om konvensionele vervaardigingsprosesse te vervang. Die gevolg van hierdie navorsing is 'n voorgestelde raamwerk wat die CRI van die besigheidsproses aandui wanneer die TRL volwassenheid bereik het. Die twee metodes word vergelyk en die gevolg is dat daar 'n verband bestaan tussen die CRI en die TRL. Die sekere aanwysers wat die CRI bepaal, is egter nie afhanklik van TRL nie. Die kwalitatiewe proses wat gebruik word om die CRI te bepaal, sal besluitnemers help om innoverende strategieë binne die volledige produksiklus van hierdie gevallestudie te formuleer en te implementeer. Die CRI-instrument het ten doel om Klein, Medium en Mikro-grootte Ondernemings (KMMO's) te help om hul produk op die mark te bring. Dit sou beteken dat meer mense AM gebruik en die gemiddelde persoon in staat stel om ekonomies aktief te wees in die AM-bedryf in Suid-Afrika.
Description
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2017.
Keywords
Commercial Readiness Index, Emerging technologies, Technology -- Readiness Levels, Additives -- Manufacturing -- Technologies, Maxillofacial prosthesis, UCTD
Citation