Masters Degrees (Nuclear Medicine)

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Browsing Masters Degrees (Nuclear Medicine) by Subject "Dissertations -- Medical imaging and clinical oncology"

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    Imaging of renal hyperparathyroidism using SPECT/CT with low-dose localizing CT
    (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013-12) Doruyter, Alexander Govert George; Warwick, James Matthew; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology. Division of Nuclear Medicine.
    ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Hybrid imaging using single photon emission computed tomography/low dose (x-ray) computed tomography (SPECT/LDCT) is of benefit in preoperative scintigraphy of primary hyperparathyroidism. The role of SPECT/LDCT in preoperative assessment of renal hyperparathyroidism has not yet been examined. The aim of the study was to determine whether SPECT/LDCT conferred any benefit over SPECT alone in terms of detection and/or localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue in this patient group. Methods: A retrospective study of patients with renal hyperparathyroidism and positive planar and SPECT scintigraphy was undertaken. All patients underwent planar scintigraphy using 99mTc-pertechnetate immediately followed by 99mTc-sestamibi as well as SPECT/LDCT 60 min after sestamibi injection and a delayed static image to assess for differential washout at 2-3 hours. Planar subtraction images were generated. For each patient, two nuclear physicians reported on planar+ SPECT images followed by planar + SPECT/LDCT images (assisted by a radiologist). Confidence for the presence of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue as well as confidence of location was scored on a Likert-type scale. Interpretation of planar + SPECT was compared with interpretation of planar + SPECT/LDCT. The impact of LDCT on equivocal lesions and number of ectopic lesions detected was also assessed. Results: Twenty patients (M:13; F:7) imaged between February 2008 and June 2011 were included [mean age: 40 years (24 – 55)]. Mean creatinine was 687 μmol/l (169-1213), mean corrected calcium: 2.55 mmol/l (1.95-3.33) and median PTH 167 pmol/l (2.4 - >201). Thirty-five lesions were detected on planar and SPECT and this was unchanged after assessment of the LDCT data. Confidence for the presence of parathyroid pathology changed in 5 patients (5 lesions) with the addition of LDCT. LDCT changed the mean confidence of parathyroid pathology from 3.17 to 3.29 (p=0.16). Addition of LDCT reduced the number of equivocal lesions from 18 (14 patients) to 14 (10 patients) (p=0.13). The addition of LDCT changed localization in 4 lesions (3 patients). Confidence in localization of pathology changed in 9 lesions (7 patients) and the mean localization confidence score was improved from 4.2 to 4.46 (p=0.002) with LDCT. The number of lesions classified as ectopic increased from 5 (on planar+SPECT) to 8 (with addition of LDCT) (p=0.25). Conclusion: In renal hyperparathyroidism SPECT/LDCT altered localization of lesions detected on planar and SPECT alone and improved reader confidence of localization accuracy. SPECT/LDCT conferred no additional benefit over SPECT in terms of detection, confidence of parathyroid pathology or ability to distinguish equivocal from non-equivocal parathyroid lesions. The addition of LDCT did not detect significantly more ectopic lesions. Whereas the minor improvement in reader confidence of localization (with addition of LDCT) was of questionable clinical significance, we speculate that the changed and presumably improved localization of lesions on SPECT/LDCT had potential clinical impact in a significant proportion of patients. On this basis we recommend the use of hybrid SPECT/LDCT in imaging of renal hyperparathyroidism when surgery is considered.