Browsing by Author "Walker, K."
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- ItemManagement of mental health disorders and central nervous system sequelae in HIV-positive children and adolescents(AOSIS Publishing, 2014-09) Nassen, R.; Donald, K.; Walker, K.; Paruk, S.; Vujovic, M.; Duncan, W.; Laughton, Barbara; Moos, B.; Eley, B.; Lachman, A.; Wilmshurst, J.HIV-positive children and adolescents are at increased risk of both central nervous system (CNS) sequelae and mental disorders owing to a number of factors, including the impact of HIV infection on the brain, social determinants of health (e.g. poverty and orphanhood) and psychosocial stressors related to living with HIV. Every effort should be made to identify perinatally HIV-infected children and initiate them on antiretroviral therapy early in life. HIV clinicians should ideally screen for mental health and neurocognitive problems, as part of the routine monitoring of children attending antiretroviral clinics. This guideline is intended as a reference tool for HIV clinicians to support the early identification, screening and management of mental health disorders and/or CNS impairment in children and adolescents. This guideline covers mental disorders (section 1) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (section 2) among children and adolescents.
- ItemNo saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide(Nature Research (part of Springer Nature), 2017) Seebens, Hanno; Blackburn, T. M.; Dyer, E. E.; Genovesi, P.; Hulme, P. E.; Jeschke, J. M.; Pagad, S.; Pysek, P.; Winter, M.; Arianoutsou, M.; Bacher, S.; Blasius, B.; Brundu, G.; Capinha, G.; Celesti-Grapow, L.; Dawson, W.; Dullinger, S.; Fuentes, N.; Jager, H.; Kartesz, J.; Kenis, M.; Kreft, H.; Kuhn, I; Lenzner, B.; Liebhold, A.; Mosena, A.; Moser, D.; Nishino, M.; Pearman, D.; Pergl, J.; Rabitsch, W.; Rojas-Sandoval, J.; Roques, A.; Rorke, S.; Rossinelli, S.; Roy, H. E.; Scalera, R.; Schindler, S.; Stajerova, K.; Tokarska-Guzik, B.; Van Kleunen, M.; Walker, K.; Weigelt, P.; Yamanaka, T.; Essl, F.Although research on human-mediated exchanges of species has substantially intensified during the last centuries, we know surprisingly little about temporal dynamics of alien species accumulations across regions and taxa. Using a novel database of 45,813 first records of 16,926 established alien species, we show that the annual rate of first records worldwide has increased during the last 200 years, with 37% of all first records reported most recently (1970–2014). Inter-continental and inter-taxonomic variation can be largely attributed to the diaspora of European settlers in the nineteenth century and to the acceleration in trade in the twentieth century. For all taxonomic groups, the increase in numbers of alien species does not show any sign of saturation and most taxa even show increases in the rate of first records over time. This highlights that past efforts to mitigate invasions have not been effective enough to keep up with increasing globalization.