Browsing by Author "Thomas, Georgina Diane"
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- ItemHuman-crocodile conflict (Nile crocodile: Crocodylus niloticus) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006-12) Thomas, Georgina Diane; Leslie, Alison J.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Agriscience. Dept. of Conservation Ecology and Entomology.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Human-Crocodile Conflict (HCC) is becoming an increasingly social, and conservation problem in most African countries, as many predator species are under threat due to conflict situations where predation of livestock and humans is occurring. However, very little is known about this multidimensional issue, which affects social, political, economic, cultural and biological aspects of life in regions throughout the world. The extent and severity of HCC in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, was investigated through completing questionnaires with the aid of translators in 35 villages surrounding this unique inland delta in the Ngamiland District of Botswana (N=482). Perceptions towards crocodiles, the degree of utilization of river resources and traditional beliefs of the local people were also investigated. A high incidence of attacks was expected to occur where human and livestock populations were high, with an increasing number of attacks over time. Half of the people interviewed fear crocodiles and remarked that the brain is poisonous when consumed. Most human attacks occurred when people were fishing, swimming or collecting water. Total human population was positively correlated with total attacks on hwmms and total livestock attacks. The rate of attack on hw11ans and livestock is increasing linearly with time, which is very concerning as people are dependant on fanning (livestock and crops) for about 50% of their income. A comparison of recorded attacks with the DWNP (Department of Wildlife and National Parks) records, revealed that the number of livestock attacks by crocodiles is minor compared to attacks by lion and leopard in the Ngamiland District. However, combined with external influences, such as HIV/AIDS, the impact of HCC will potentially greatly undermine people's livelihoods in the future. Mitigation measures combining both prevention and reactive techniques are provided for policy amendments and for communities for the long tenn resolution of HCC. The gradual phasing-out of monetary compensation (which is currently practiced in Botswana), together with regulations restricting use of open access water of the Okavango Delta is recommended. Policy instruments and various incentives (for communities) will aid in policy implementation and thus facilitate the future coexistence of man and crocodile in the Okavango Delta, Botswana.