Browsing by Author "Swanepoel, C."
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- ItemMycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide for induction treatment of lupus nephritis(2009) Appel, G. B.; Contreras, G.; Dooley, M. A.; Ginzler, E. M.; Isenberg, D.; Jayne, D.; Li, L-S.; Mysler, E.; Sanchez-Guerrero, J.; Solomons, N.; Wofsy, D.; Abud, C.; Adler, S.; Alarcon, G.; Albuquerque, E.; Almeida, F.; Alvarellos, A.; Appel, G.; Avila, H.; Blume, C.; Boletis, I.; Bonnardeaux, A.; Braun, A.; Buyon, J.; Cervera, R.; Chen, N.; Chen, S.; Da Costa, A. G.; Davids, M. R.; D'Cruz, D.; De Ramon, E.; Deodhar, A.; Doria, A.; Dussol, B.; Emery, P.; Fiechtner, J.; Floege, J.; Fragoso-Loyo, H.; Furie, R.; Ghazalli, R.; Ghossein, C.; Gilkeson, G.; Ginzler, E.; Gordon, C.; Grossman, J.; Gu, J.; Guillevin, L.; Hatron, P. Y.; Herrera, G.; Hiepe, F.; Houssiau, F.; Hubscher, O.; Hura, C.; Kaplan, J.; Kirsztajn, G.; Kiss, E.; Kutty, G. A.; Laville, M.; Lazaro, M.; Lenz, O.; Li, L.; Lightstone, L.; Lim, S.; Malaise, M.; Manzi, S.; Marcos, J.; Meyer, O.; Monge, P.; Naicker, S.; Neal, N.; Neuwelt, M.; Nicholls, K.; Olsen, N.; Ordi-Ros, J.; Ostrov, B.; Pestana, M.; Petri, M.; Pokorny, G.; Pourrat, J.; Qian, J.; Radhakrishnan, J.; Rovin, B.; Roman, J. S.; Shanahan, J.; Shergy, W.; Skopouli, F.; Spindler, A.; Striebich, C.; Sundel, R.; Swanepoel, C.; Si, Y. T.; Tate, G.; Tesar, V.; Tikly, M.; Wang, H.; Yahya, R.; Yu, X.; Zhang, F.; Zoruba, D.Recent studies have suggested that mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) may offer advantages over intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVC) for the treatment of lupus nephritis, but these therapies have not been compared in an international randomized, controlled trial. Here, we report the comparison of MMF and IVC as induction treatment for active lupus nephritis in a multinational, two-phase (induction and maintenance) study. We randomly assigned 370 patients with classes III through V lupus nephritis to open-label MMF (target dosage 3 g/d) or IVC (0.5 to 1.0 g/m2 in monthly pulses) in a 24-wk induction study. Both groups received prednisone, tapered from a maximum starting dosage of 60 mg/d. The primary end point was a prespecified decrease in urine protein/creatinine ratio and stabilization or improvement in serum creatinine. Secondary end points included complete renal remission, systemic disease activity and damage, and safety. Overall, we did not detect a significantly different response rate between the two groups: 104 (56.2%) of 185 patients responded to MMF compared with 98 (53.0%) of 185 to IVC. Secondary end points were also similar between treatment groups. There were nine deaths in the MMF group and five in the IVC group. We did not detect significant differences between the MMF and IVC groups with regard to rates of adverse events, serious adverse events, or infections. Although most patients in both treatment groups experienced clinical improvement, the study did not meet its primary objective of showing that MMF was superior to IVC as induction treatment for lupus nephritis. Copyright © 2009 by the American Society of Nephrology.
- ItemWhy local context matters : property rights and debt trading in colonial South Africa(Bureau for Economic Research, 2018) Swanepoel, C.; Fourie, J.For economic transactions, including debt transactions, to occur in a market system, property rights are essential. The literature has focussed on finding empirical proof of the effect of property right regimes, noting differences between de jure and de facto property rights. We use a novel combination of data on wealth and demographics to investigate the effects of property right regimes on economic outcomes at the individual level. At the Cape, de jure property rights between freehold and loan farms differed. Historians, however, suggest that de facto property rights between these two property types were the same. We exploit the random variation of the birth order, specifically being the eldest son, to estimate whether the type of farm and therefore the type of property rights, mattered for economic activity, in our case, debt transactions. Our results suggest that historians were correct: loan farms were as secure in their de facto property rights, despite differences in de jure property rights. Our results confirm that the local context in which property right regimes are embedded is at least as important as the property right regime itself.