Browsing by Author "Pienaar, Juanita M."

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    Die betekenis van 'n ontneming weens 'n rasdiskriminerende wet of praktyk vir doeleindes van die Wet op Herstel van Grondregte 22 van 1994 - 'n oorsig van ontwikkelings in regspraak
    (LitNet Academic, 2012-12) Pienaar, Juanita M.
    OPSOMMING: Persone of gemeenskappe kwalifiseer vir restitusie indien hul ontneem is van ’n reg in grond na 19 Junie 1913 as gevolg van ’n rasdiskriminerende wet of praktyk. Die Wet op Herstel van Grondregte 22 van 1994 verskaf nie werklik duidelikheid oor wat onder “as gevolg van ’n rasdiskriminerende wet of praktyk” verstaan word nie. Gevolglik is dit die taak van die howe om die relevante frase te interpreteer en op bepaalde feite toe te pas. Die frase is ’n belangrike deel van die regsvereistes alvorens ’n grondeis suksesvol kan wees. Aan die een kant beteken dit dat nie sommer enige ontneming vir restitusie kwalifiseer nie. Aan die ander kant is dit algemeen bekend dat die hele Suid-Afrikaanse grondbeheerstelsel voor 1991 in beginsel op ’n rassebasis gefunksioneer het. Wat presies word dus onder hierdie frase verstaan? Die doel van hierdie bydrae is om aan die hand van regspraak bepaalde benaderings (of toetse) te identifiseer en te bepaal of ’n spesifieke benadering ’n bepaalde resultaat sou bewerkstellig. Die uitgangspunt is dat die Restitusiewet, omdat dit uit hoofde van die Grondwet (artikel 25(7)) uitgevaardig is, ook ’n doelmatige interpretasiebenadering vereis. In hierdie proses is egter oor die jare drie verskillende benaderings (of toetse) in drie toonaangewende hofbeslissings ontwikkel. ’n Uiteensetting van die verskillende benaderings en ’n vergelyking daarvan dui aan dat die resultate inderdaad verskil, afhangende van die benadering wat gevolg word. Nadat die huidige (jongste) benadering van die Popela-uitspraak (konstitusionele hof) bespreek is, word die mees onlangse beslissing, Jacobs, waarin die optrede van staatsamptenare ter sprake was, in die lig van dié benadering ontleed. Die slotsom is dat hoewel duidelikheid ten aansien van die algemene doelmatige benadering tot interpretasie verkry is, die oorsaaklikheidskwessie moontlik nog steeds problematies kan wees.
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    Grondhervorming : is onteiening sonder vergoeding die magiese "silwer koeël" of is dit 'n (berekende) skoot in die donker?
    (LitNet, 2019) Pienaar, Juanita M.
    Die oorgang na ’n grondwetlike demokrasie in 1994 het ’n indringende en omvattende grondhervormingsprogram vooropgestel weens jare lange koloniale en apartheidsbenaderings tot grond. ’n Uniek Suid-Afrikaanse program sluit herverdeling van grond, grondbeheerhervorming en restitusie in. Wat herverdeling van grond betref, is ’n opemarkbenadering gevolg, gefundeer op die gewillige-verkoper-gewillige-koper-beginsel (GVGKbeginsel). Toenemend is aansprake gemaak dat die GVGK-beginsel grondhervorming omslagtig en uitgerek, asook duur en onvolhoubaar gemaak het. Een of ander intervensie was vervolgens nodig, enersyds ’n aanpassing of regulering van die mark waar grond en eiendom vir grondhervormingsdoeleindes verkry word, en andersyds, ’n aanpassing van die raamwerk waarbinne onteiening funksioneer, om dit meer op een lyn met die Grondwet te bring. Onlangse ontwikkelings in hierdie arena sluit in die inwerkingtreding van die Property Valuation Act 7 van 1914, hersiening van die eiendomsklousule en die publikasie van die Draft Expropriation Bill in Desember 2018. Vir die eerste keer maak laasgenoemde voorsiening vir die moontlikheid van onteiening met nul vergoeding by vyf moontlike grondkategorieë. Hierdie bydrae ondersoek die moontlikheid of die onlangse ontwikkelings, spesifiek onteiening sonder vergoeding, inderdaad grondhervorming gaan bevorder. Kontekstualisering vereis ’n oorsig van die Suid-Afrikaanse grondgeskiedenis, gevolg deur ’n kort uiteensetting van die drie subprogramme van die oorhoofse grondhervormingsprogram. Die spesifieke intervensies, naamlik die Property Valuation Act en die Draft Expropriation Bill, word daarna breedvoerig uiteengesit. ’n Ontleding dui aan dat die samehang van relevante statutêre maatreëls onvoldoende belyn is en dat die Draft Expropriation Bill vaag is betreffende onteiening sonder vergoeding wat sowel die omvang as die resultaat betref. Verder bly onteiening kompleks en gaan dit nie die tempo van grondhervorming versnel nie. Onteiening sonder vergoeding gaan verder geensins die bestaande gebreke en tekortkominge in die grondhervormingsprogram aanspreek nie. In hierdie opsig moet gebreke in die nuwe statutêre maatreëls eers aangespreek word, moet beter belyning van relevante bepalings ontwikkel word, spesifiek die plek en rol van die Property Valuation Act, en moet voortslepende verbandhoudende tekortkominge, byvoorbeeld die gebrek aan politieke wil, dringend aandag geniet. Onteiening sonder vergoeding is dus nie die silwer koeël wat eensklaps verligting gaan bring nie.
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    Land law and governance : African perspectives on land tenure and title
    (Juta Law, 2018) Pienaar, Juanita M.
    The publication is a product that was initiated by the International Alliance for Land Tenure and Administration, following the Conference of the Commission on Legal Pluralism that was held in conjunction with the erstwhile Centre for Legal and Applied Research at the University of Cape Town in September 2011. The book consists of eight chapters. The first chapter, co-authored by three of the editors – Mostert, Verstappen and Zevenbergen – contextualises the research theme and provides insight into the approach and main findings of the project. The remaining seven chapters deal with various issues pertinent to the overarching theme constituting land law and governance, with a special focus on tenure. These perspectives highlight issues in relation to South Africa (communal land tenure – chapter 2 (Mostert and Jacobs) and land title in social context – chapter 4 (Kingwill)); Botswana (customary land rights in an urban context – chapter 6 (Akrofi and Whittal), land administration tools in peri-urban Gaborone – chapter 7 (Van Asperen, Kalabamu and Zevenbergen)), Namibia (registration of communal lands – chapter 8 (Amoo and Mapaure)) and Kenya (chapter 3 (Wairimu and Hebinck)). Chapter 5 (Chenitz and Richardson) contains a general analysis, not jurisdiction-specific, regarding the risks associated with the individualisation of land rights generally, whereas Chapter 6, alluded to above, also has a legal comparative dimension as it reflects on Botswana, Namibia and Ghana.
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    Land reform embedded in the constitution : legal contextualisation
    (Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Theology, 2015) Pienaar, Juanita M.
    Land reform is a temporal process that was embarked on in two distinctive phases in South Africa: first by way of an exploratory programme before the new constitu-tional dispensation commenced, followed by, secondly, an all-encompassing programme after April 1994. While a constitutional dimension distinguished these broad phases from each other, the second phase was furthermore characterised by having an interim Constitution for a period of time, followed by the final Constitution, which is currently still in place. With regard to land reform, the initial exploratory programme was conducted in the absence of a Constitution with a Bill of Rights. Following 1994 and the commencement of a Constitution, the interim property clause, section 28, did not provide for land reform specifically, although provision was made for the expropriation of property for public purposes. However, provision was made, specifically for the restitution of land and rights in land, but not within the property clause as such. In contrast, the final property clause, section 25 which commenced in 1997, provides for land reform in particular. This contribution explores the meaning of having land reform embedded in the Constitution generally and in the property clause specifically. To that end it becomes clear that being embedded in the property clause calls for a specific approach to and interpreting of all land reform-based and -related statutory measures and case law. It is also imperative that the structure of the property clause and the prominence of the reform-oriented clauses be taken into account when considering the property clause on the one hand and the aims and purposes of land reform, on the other. While this contribution focuses entirely on the constitutional dimension of land reform, it is also true that effective policy measures and legislation, implemented, interpreted and applied correctly, are furthermore non-negotiable to make land reform effective, although they are not analysed here.
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    The mechanics of intervention and the green paper on land reform
    (North-West University, Faculty of Law, 2014) Pienaar, Juanita M.
    The South African land control system has always, to some extent, been interfered with by government. Interventions in the course of the twentieth century in particular have resulted in an unequal, fragmented and diverse land control system. The law has been integral to this process. Since 1994, within a constitutional paradigm, interventions have been aimed at untangling the complex web of land-related measures so as to affect an equitable, co-ordinated and less complex land system. In this process law - including policy documents, plans, programmes and legislative measures - is again integral. The aim of this contribution is to ascertain whether, under the present government, the mechanics of intervention within the land reform arena have resulted overall in a sensible, workable framework within which challenges and weaknesses linked to land reform can be addressed effectively. In this regard both the structural and material dimensions of recent interventions are set out. Within this context the most recent intervention dealing with land reform in particular, the Green Paper on Land Reform of 2011, is placed in perspective and investigated further in light of the recent National Development Plan. Specific themes that have resonated in the recent mechanics of intervention, as well as the persons and communities who stand to be affected by them and the possible extent of their collective impact, are thereafter discussed. Due to the general vagueness of the Green Paper and its lack of depth and detail, the extent of the impact of the recent measures cannot be ascertained fully. The alignment of the new bodies and institutions proposed by and their contribution to actually addressing the challenges identified in the Green Paper are furthermore problematic and disappointing. Excluding vast portions of rural land comprising communal areas from all of the recent tenure-related measures is especially disconcerting. Clearly, huge gaps prevail in the resultant framework. Overall, the analysis of the recent structural and material dimensions of the recent mechanics underlines that further engineering is urgently required.