Browsing by Author "Pekane, Zacharia Tshepo"
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- ItemMigration and brain drain in secondary cities: A case study of the Madibeng Municipality(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03) Pekane, Zacharia Tshepo; Du Plessis, Danie; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Geography & Environmental Studies.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Secondary cities and rural municipalities lose their skilled labour force (those with three or more years of tertiary qualification) to more urbanised municipalities throughout the world. Madibeng municipality, a secondary city municipality located in the North West province, and which functionally forms part of the satellite urban system of the Gauteng polycentric city region that straddles provincial boundaries, is a typical example of such a municipality. Using Census 2011 data, the study seeks to understand the significance of the economic benefits that the Madibeng municipality holds for out-migrants, the pulling factor that the municipality has on the in-migrants, and the impact of migration on the locals. To be able to identify possible benefits of marginal productivity and increasing wage levels accrue to the municipality as a traditional migrant sending economy or whether there is a window of opportunity to identify possible areas for improvement to reach that eventuality. The study also seeks to understand the level of brain drain in the municipality and evaluate the adequacy of in-migrants to reverse the brain drain as well as identify the categories of workers that are adversely affected by this form of migration. For the purpose of the study, the dataset for analysis excludes children born after the 2001 population census. People who did not usually reside in the household when they were enumerated on census night were excluded and those who moved within the municipality were still regarded as locals. The study uses proportions of variables of interest to standardise comparison of different categories (i.e. locals, in-migrants and out-migrants). The variables are then cross-tabulated according to different characteristics of the population to allow interpretation of these characteristics. For selected variables, a test is performed to assess if the differences in the proportions are significant between the three categories. Comparison is made between the three categories (locals, in-migrants and out-migrants) to check their characteristics according to employment status, educational attainment (as a proxy to skills level), income levels, age structure and access to goods/services. The study shows that the in-migrants are highly skilled compared to local residents, although the outmigrants are proportionally higher educated than the in-migrants. The high volume of in-migrants significantly mitigates the loss of skilled workers. In-migrants play a role in increasing skills differentials in the Madibeng municipality. Due to the low-skilled migrants representing the highest proportion, their impact lowers average incomes in the municipality, thus contributing to inequality. Migrants were found to be resilient with lower unemployment rates compared to the locals. The outmigrants moved to destinations that provide better services such as sanitation, water and electricity when compared to their place of origin. The municipality should pursue policies that deliberately target a higher proportion of skilled migrants. To be able to retain some of these skilled migrants, the municipality should pursue policies that are geared towards urbanisation at high densities to be able to reduce costs that are associated with the provision of infrastructure when it is provided over a long distance.