Browsing by Author "Manda, Samuel"
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- ItemIntegrated community case management of childhood illness in low- and middle-income countries(John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Cochrane Collaboration, 2017) Oliphant, Nicholas P.; Daniels, Karen; Odendaal, Willem A.; Besada, Donela; Manda, Samuel; Kinney, Mary; Johansson, Emily White; Lunze, Karsten; Johansen, Marit; Doherty, TanyaThis is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of the integrated community case management (iCCM) strategy for children younger than five years of age in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
- ItemA scoping review of spatial analysis approaches using health survey data in Sub-Saharan Africa(MDPI, 2020-04) Manda, Samuel; Haushona, Ndamonaonghenda; Bergquist, RobertSpatial analysis has become an increasingly used analytic approach to describe and analyze spatial characteristics of disease burden, but the depth and coverage of its usage for health surveys data in Sub-Saharan Africa are not well known. The objective of this scoping review was to conduct an evaluation of studies using spatial statistics approaches for national health survey data in the SSA region. An organized literature search for studies related to spatial statistics and national health surveys was conducted through PMC, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, NLM Catalog, and Science Direct electronic databases. Of the 4,193 unique articles identified, 153 were included in the final review. Spatial smoothing and prediction methods were predominant (n = 108), followed by spatial description aggregation (n = 25), and spatial autocorrelation and clustering (n = 19). Bayesian statistics methods and lattice data modelling were predominant (n = 108). Most studies focused on malaria and fever (n = 47) followed by health services coverage (n = 38). Only fifteen studies employed nonstandard spatial analyses (e.g., spatial model assessment, joint spatial modelling, accounting for survey design). We recommend that for future spatial analysis using health survey data in the SSA region, there must be an improve recognition and awareness of the potential dangers of a naïve application of spatial statistical methods. We also recommend a wide range of applications using big health data and the future of data science for health systems to monitor and evaluate impacts that are not well understood at local levels.
- ItemTranslating new evidence into clinical practice : a quasi-experimental controlled before–after study evaluating the effect of a novel outreach mentoring approach on knowledge, attitudes and confidence of health workers providing HIV and infant feeding counselling in South Africa(BMJ Publishing, 2020-10) Goga, Ameena; Doherty, Tanya; Manda, Samuel; Nkwenika, Tshifhiwa; Haskins, Lyn; John, Vaughn; Engebretsen, Ingunn M. S.; Feucht, Ute; Dhansay, Ali; Rollins, Nigel; Kroon, Max; Sanders, David; Kauchali, Shuaib; Tylleskär, Thorkild; Horwood, ChristianeObjectives We report the effectiveness of a mentoring approach to improve health workers’ (HWs’) knowledge, attitudes and confidence with counselling on HIV and infant feeding. Design Quasi-experimental controlled before–after study. Setting Randomly selected primary healthcare clinics (n=24 intervention, n=12 comparison); two districts, South Africa. Participants All HWs providing infant feeding counselling in selected facilities were invited. Interventions Three 1–2 hours, on-site workshops over 3–6 weeks. Primary outcome measures Knowledge (22 binary questions), attitude (21 questions—5-point Likert Scale) and confidence (19 questions—3-point Likert Scale). Individual item responses were added within each of the attitude and confidence domains. The respective sums were taken to be the domain composite index and used as a dependent variable to evaluate intervention effect. Linear regression models were used to estimate the mean score difference between intervention and comparison groups postintervention, adjusting for the mean score difference between them at baseline. Analyses were adjusted for participant baseline characteristics and clustering at health facility level. Results In intervention and comparison sites, respectively: 289 and 131 baseline and 253 and 114 follow-up interviews were conducted (August–December 2017). At baseline there was no difference in mean number of correctly answered knowledge questions; this differed significantly at follow-up (15.2 in comparison; 17.2 in intervention sites (p<0.001)). At follow-up, the mean attitude and confidence scores towards breast feeding were better in intervention versus comparison sites (p<0.001 and p=0.05, respectively). Controlling for confounders, interactions between time and intervention group and preintervention values, the attitude score was 5.1 points significantly higher in intervention versus comparison groups. Conclusion A participatory, low-intensity on-site mentoring approach to disseminating updated infant feeding guidelines improved HWs’ knowledge, attitudes and confidence more than standard dissemination via a circular. Further research is required to evaluate the effectiveness, feasibility and sustainability of this approach at scale.