Browsing by Author "Le Roux, Pieter Johannes Grobler"
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- ItemEstablishment, growth and yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) as affected by seed-drill opener, soil quality and crop residue in the Swartland(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03) Le Roux, Pieter Johannes Grobler; Swanepoel, Pieter Andreas; Agenbag, G. A.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Agronomy.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Canola (double low varieties of Brassica napus) is an important crop for farmers implementing conservation agriculture (CA). Famers implementing CA seek to minimise soil disturbance before, during and after planting. Many farmers in the grain producing regions (Overberg and Swartland) of the Western Cape have widely adopted CA over the past two decades. Although most farmers rely on tine openers to establish canola, disc openers are becoming more popular. Soil quality in these canola production areas are relatively low. The aim of this study was to compare tine and disc openers and the effects of soil quality and crop residue on canola production, by evaluating establishment, biomass production, leaf area index (LAI), yield, thousand seed mass (TSM) and soil disturbance. The first objective was to determine whether soil quality along with residue level should be considered when choosing between a tine or disc seed-drill opener. The second objective was to compare tine and disc openers to produce canola from soil with contrasting qualities and on fields comparable in size to commercial farms. Trials were conducted in 2016 and 2017 at Langgewens Research Farm in the Swartland area. During the first year of the trial the opener had an effect on canola plant population (p<0.05), while during the second year no differences between treatments were recorded (p>0.05). Tine openers performed better on high quality soil while disc openers performed better on low quality soil. Crop residue can become a problem when establishing canola with both the tine and disc openers, and establishment was the best at low residue levels. The poorer canola establishment with the disc opener during 2016 might be due to fertiliser application as fertiliser was applied with seeding which may have caused chemical injury to the seed. Overall the tine opener resulted in more biomass than the disc opener during the first year of the trial while similar biomass productions were achieved during the second year. The leaf area-index (LAI) was similar except that a higher LAI was recorded with the tine opener on low residue levels on high quality soil at 30 days after emergence during the 2017 season. Treatments had no effect on TSM in 2016 (p>0.05), while in 2017 a higher TSM was obtained on low quality soil with high residue levels than on high quality soil with low residue levels. The treatments had no effect on yield in both 2016 and 2017 (p>0.05). On field scale, similar results were recorded as on small plots with low residue levels, with regards to plant population, biomass production, LAI, yield and TSM. Contrary to what was expected, no difference in disturbance was recorded between tine and disc openers (p>0.05), so if the aim is to minimise soil disturbance, either a tine or disc opener can be used. It is recommended that this study is repeated in the southern Cape as soil and climatic conditions differ substantially from the Swartland. It is also recommended that this study is repeated in different years in the Swartland due to seeding in dry soil in both years of this study due to the drought.