Browsing by Author "Henrico, Ivan"

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    Analysing the changes in the bathymetry of Saldanha Bay between the years 1977 and 2021
    (CONSAS Conference, 2022-12) Du Toit, Louis; Henrico, Ivan; Bezuidenhout, Jacques; Mtshawu, Babalwa
    The construction of the Saldanha Port has been the reason for the major changes in the bathymetry and sediment dynamics observed in Saldanha Bay in the last decades. In this paper, newly acquired soundings from the National Hydrographer were used to analyse the changes between 1977 and 2021 - over a 44-year period - in the bathymetry of Saldanha Bay. The Ordinary Kriging (OK) interpolation method, available through the Geostatistical Wizard in ArcGIS Pro, was used for creating surface models to conduct comparisons with the bathymetry of Saldanha Bay. The results indicate a general increase in depth since 1977 of between 0.395 and 3.203 m, and an average increase in depth within the Big Bay of 1.799 m. Between 1977 and 2021, a total volume loss of 49 364 560.0 m3 in sediment was calculated - an indication of how the sedimentation process in Saldanha Bay has changed subsequent to the construction of the harbour.
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    Determining the change in the bathymetry of Saldanha Bay due to the harbour construction in the seventies
    (2020-09) Henrico, Ivan; Bezuidenhout, Jacques
    ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bathymetry is the science to study and measure the depths of the ocean floor. The differences in water depth, underwater slope and ocean floor structure were investigated using a geographic information system (GIS). This article investigates changes to the hydrodynamic sedimentation processes in Saldanha Bay as a result of the harbour constructions that took place in the early 1970s. The construction of the harbour included the massive dredging operations and resultant relocation of 30 million m3 of soil. Bathymetric data from Saldanha Bay before (1957) and after (1977) the construction of the harbour in the early seventies were analysed and compared in ArcGIS. It was found that the overall depth of the inner part of Saldanha Bay increased with about 1.4 m and that the bottom and slopes were smoothed. The physical structure that was constructed for the harbour had a serious impact on the hydrodynamic sedimentation processes. It was found that these interventions altered the depth profile of the Bay and the article finally draws conclusions on coastal and beach formation, based on the change in the hydrodynamic sedimentation processes of Saldanha Bay.
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    Optimal interpolation method to predict the bathymetry of Saldanha Bay
    (Wiley, 2021) Henrico, Ivan
    Accurate interpolation when compiling bathymetric maps is essential in any water depth study. In the case of Saldanha Bay, continuous dredging operations are constantly altering the ocean floor, which has a detrimental effect on sedimentation and coastal hydrodynamics. If the integrity of the coastline is to be secured, accurate bathymetry predictions would be invaluable in determining the effect of dredging operations on coastal erosion. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) and ordinary kriging (OK) are two well-known and commonly used interpolation methods to produce surfaces through spatial autocorrelation for numerous applications, inter alia, to estimate bathymetry. This study aims to analyse and compare the efficiency of the IDW and OK interpolation methods to predict the bathymetry of Saldanha Bay. Three comparative interpolation tests, which vary according to the decrease in the quantity of sounding points, are conducted. SPSS statistical software was used to assess the performance of the interpolation methods. Firstly, 2D scatterplots were used to show the correlation between predicted and measured sounding values for each interpolation method. Secondly, analysis of variance was employed to investigate whether the difference between the IDW and OK interpolation methods was statistically significant, and to determine which method was best suited for determining the bathymetry of Saldanha Bay. Findings revealed a strong linear relationship between predicted and measured sounding values for both IDW and OK when 100% of the sounding points are used. Conversely, for medium and small quantities of sounding points, a weak correlation exists. Clear similarities exist in the way that IDW and OK estimate and generate the continuous surface of bathymetry. However, IDW consistently performed better than OK across all interpolation tests. The findings of this study will assist in selecting the most suitable interpolation method for future bathymetry surveys of Saldanha Bay.
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    Prisoners of geography : ten maps that tell you everything you need to know about global politics
    (Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Military Science (Military Academy), 2020) Henrico, Ivan
    Tim Marshall is an esteemed authority on foreign affairs, with more than thirty years’ experience in broadcasting, reporting, analysis and writing about past, present and future geopolitical affairs – most of the time reporting from the front line on major world events and conflict zones that had significant geopolitical effects on global politics, such as the Balkan wars of the 1990s, the Kosovo crisis of 1999, the first Gulf War (1991), the US war in Afghanistan (2001). He also covered three US presidential elections (The What and The Why, 2016). Prisoners of geography: Ten maps that tell you everything you need to know about global politics is arguably the most successful of his books, and makes for an intriguing read by an author with such an impressive résumé.