Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences (former Departments)
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Browsing Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences (former Departments) by browse.metadata.advisor "Claassen, P. E."
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- ItemA comparison of new provincial planning laws(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001-12) Bloem, M. G.; Claassen, P. E.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Sustainable Development Planning & Management.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In terms of the Constitution (108 of 1996) provinces are given the responsibility for planning. Following the history of provincial planning it can be seen that the context of spatial planning have changed dramatically. This can be linked to changes in planning theory. The legal and policy environment for provincial planning have been shaped by different national departments concerned with planning. The Development Facilitation Act (67 of 1995) a key piece of legislation moved towards a normative based system for planning. Provinces were given the opportunity to introduce provincial specific legislation for planning. Since 1994 only four provinces the Western Cape, Northern Cape, Gauteng and KwaZulu- Natal have introduced Acts or Bills. To assist the remaining five provinces in introducing province specific planning legislation it is important to establish if the different systems are moving towards conformity. Through analysis of the different systems, mechanisms and institutions, a comparison and evaluation of the different Act and Bills it was established that the provincial planning systems are to a large extent similar and in deed moving towards conformity.
- ItemAn evaluative analysis of industrial development zones and export processing zones with reference to the Coega Industrial Development Zone(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002-12) Brand, Daleen; Claassen, P. E.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic & Management Sciences. School of Public Management and Planning.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is experiencing similar problems as those occurring in other developing countries. Such problems include: large scale poverty; unequal regional development; inefficient policies; fragmented transport systems. The list goes on. This is largely due to apartheid policiesthat were implemented. After 1994 a series of new policies and programmes was implemented. Their aim was to eradicate apartheid planning; to provide equal and fair development for everyone and to stimulate and boost the economy. The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) was the first policy of its kind, followed by the Growth, Employment and Redistribution programme (GEAR). The aim of these two policies was to stimulate the economy, especially in areas where there is a need for an economic boost. This ultimately led to programmes such as the Spatial Development Initiative (SDI); Local Economic Development and Export Processing Zones or as they are better known in South Africa, Industrial Development Zones. Programmes or initiative such as these were aimed at boosting the economy, providing employment and utilising resources in a region. This is the shift that has taken place in development planning, from traditional regional policies towards incentive driven policiesthat try to attract investment into under-developed regions. Programmessuch as Industrial Development Zones however have a long history, not all of it positive. These zones have been known as sweatshops and that they use child labour. The largest problem of these zones is that labour legislation is almost non-existent. In 2001 South Africa declared Coega the first Industrial Development Zone in the country. The zone will link to the Spatial Development Initiative programme that was implemented in 1996. An uproar followed when labour organisations such as COSATUlearned that the government is going to use Industrial Development Zones, which are similar to Export ProcessingZones, to stimulate the economy and to solve the problem of unemployment in specific areas of the country. However the labour legislation of South Africa will be applied in the Industrial Development Zones. That just leaves the problem of efficiency and effectiveness. Will these zones really address and solve the employment problems in South Africa? Zones such as those in Mauritius have been a success, but there are cases where the zones did not create employment and more money was spend on putting in the infrastructure and services in the zones, than was made in the zone. Time will be the judge in the case of Coega Industrial Development Zone.
- ItemThe evolution and substance of integrated development planning(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000-12) Simpson, Graham; Claassen, P. E.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Sustainable Development Planning & Management.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Development planning, or more specifically integrated development planning, has been identified as the most appropriate form of planning to satisfy the wide range of needs of the very diverse populations of South Africa's cities and towns, and to mirror the political and social changes brought about by the advent of democracy. In this study the evolution of the concept of development planning as well as the present form of integrated development planning in South Africa is looked at. This is complemented with a study of the process itself, as it has materialised in reality in six local governments. What was found was that an innovative system has come about, culminating in the first cycle of the integrated development planning system. This consists of a number of steps or phases, namely, assessing the current reality, formulating goals and strategies, and ultimately monitoring and reviewing what has been achieved, all guided by a set of predetermined principles and implemented through the municipality's budget. It was found that the process has much potential to plan for real development, allow for authentic public participation and promote sectoral and intergovernmental integration.
- ItemThe evolution, substance and application of environmental impact assessments in South Africa(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000-03) Parkes, L.; Claassen, P. E.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic & Management Sciences. Dept. of Sustainable Development Planning & Management.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Environmental impact assessments have become increasingly popular over the past few years, by necessity and due to the general increase in environmental awareness. By definition, environmental impact assessment is a process having the ultimate objective of providing decision makers with an indication of the likely consequences of their intended actions. First popularized in the United States of America in the seventies, environmental impact assessments have since evolved worldwide into an effective decision making tool. In South Africa, environmental impact assessments became legally enforceable in 1998 under the Environment Conservation Act (Act 73 of 1989) and presently serves as an effective tool in facilitating decision making for sustainable development. A large number of impact assessments are at present being produced for all categories of activities, but questions arise about the effectiveness of these assessments in fulfilling their intended purpose. The present study aims to answer these questions and provide insight into the nature, content and standard of environmental impact assessment in South Africa by examining the foundations and application of the concept. The main method of research was the analysis of various assessments, already submitted to regional authorities, on the basis of content, methods used, depth of analysis, degree of public input and their overall contribution to the better understanding of the problem at hand. During the analysis many inadequacies and merits of these impact assessments were revealed. The quality of reports ranged from good (about one third) to average and poor (about one third). Shortcomings identified related inter alia to data collection; ignorance of socio-economic factors; ignorance of cumulative effects; and analysis and evaluation problems. The benefits that these impact assessments could bring about, were also analysed. It was deduced that there were inherent benefits the most practical being that the good reports assisted the decision making process considerably. Sustainable development was also promoted. It was found that the implementation of the concept still needs more stringent management and monitoring with improved application and incorporation into the present planning approach
- ItemDie impak van publieke deelname op groot projekte : die beoogde Johannesburg-Pretoria sneltrein(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003-12) Coetzee, Narista; Claassen, P. E.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic & Management Sciences. Dept. of Town and Regional Planning.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Public participation has already been a point of discussion from as early as 1960, with Arnstein's presentation of eight levels of participation. Various advantages and disadvantages have been published, but theorists agree that the advantages still overshadow the disadvantages. The United States have started much earlier than South Africa with the studies on public participation. It has been realised that public participation forms an integral part of the formal environmental impact assessment which succeeded the formal legislation of 1996. It is generally accepted that public participation is inseparable from the planning process. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of public participation on the planning of the Gautrain project, which is the intended rapid rail link between Johanesburg and Pretoria. It will be investigated whether the consult firm Bohlweki Environmental, that has been appointed to implement the environmental impact assessment of the Gautrain project, complied with the criteria to ensure public participation, and whether the public process made a difference to the planning of the project. It has been apparent that Bohlweki Environmental used various methods of involving the public - inter alia numerous public meetings that have been advertised in the press and elsewhere. From the public inputs changes have been made to the route of the train. These changes however, have made other people discontented. The research concludes with the finding that the public participation process of the environmental impact assessment had a positive influence on the planning of the project, even though everyone, due to the extend and the nature of the project, could not be satisfied, and that the study has been expensive and time consuming.
- ItemParking policy and- problems in business areas with reference to the central business district of Paarl(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001-03) King, David John; Claassen, P. E.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Sustainable Development Planning & Management.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The problem of parking has been with mankind almost from the day that the first carriage was invented. Everyone that owns a motor car knows competing for a parking space in a town centre can be frustrating. This study sets out to explain the phenomenon of parking and attempts to discover how the demand and supply of parking interacts with one another. Parking demand and supply needs to be balanced by policy makers in local governments. Local govemments are in a unique position in laying down guidelines for the provision of parking. These guidelines can influence and direct the way in which parking is supplied in the central business district. A better understanding of parking demand was attained through examining parking behaviour in the central business district of Paarl. The demand for parking was measured and conclusions drawn regarding on-street and off-street parking provision. In-lieu parking fees were found to be a viable alternative to providing parking in the central business district. The minimum parking standards for Paarl were examined and the conclusion arrived at showed that the standards need to be revised. The standards seem to be too high if compared to the current supply of parking in the central business area. The main recommendations made in this study are that further parking survey studies . need to be conducted to forecast the demand for parking in the central business area over the short- to medium term. The Municipality of Paarl should adopt a comprehensive parking policy that guides and manages the provision of parking in the central business district. This policy should be continually adapted and updated to keep track with the changing nature of transport modes and behaviour.
- ItemThe role of special management areas in the protection of the urban edge(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001-12) Dreyer, Annerine; Claassen, P. E.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic & Management Sciences. Dept. of Sustainable Develop Planning & Management.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study considers the possibility of using special management areas at metropolitan level as a measure to control urban sprawl in South Africa, and specifically in the greater Cape Town area. Important issues included in the study are: international and local measures currently and previously used, relevant South African legislation that support urban edge protection, economic and ethical theories regarding urban edge protection, the measures currently implemented in Stellenbosch, an examination of special management areas and recommendations. International attempts in curbing urban sprawl dates back to post-Industrial Revolution Europe (1800s). British and American measures are compared, mostly differing in the level of public support of sustainable development. Local attempts have been limited and have not been implemented at the scale of international measures. Recently developed policies such as the Metropolitan Spatial Development Framework (1996) and the Bioregional Planning Framework (2000) are more directly focussed on sustainable development than previous policies (e.g. guide plans and structure plans) have been. The Metropolitan Spatial Development Framework proposes the demarcation of urban edges in the Cape Metropolitan Region, while the Bioregional Planning Framework is intent on dividing the Western Cape Province into bioregions. The Bioregional Planning Framework originated the use of special management areas to control development in rural (agricultural and natural) areas. The idea of this study is to measure the feasibility of using special management areas at metropolitan level, in conjunction with both the Metropolitan Spatial Development Framework and the Bioregional Planning Framework, to protect the urban edge. This study concludes by disproving its hypothesis: special management areas have limited applicability as a general urban edge control measure at metropolitan level.
- ItemDie verband tussen biosfeerreservate en omgewingsbestuur in Suid-Afrika(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000-12) Venter, Christine; Claassen, P. E.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Sustainable Development Planning & Management.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Internationally a reconciliation of man and nature is taking place in environmental management, a movement in the direction of sustain ability. This movement also developed in South Africa, but against the background of the characteristics of the post-Apartheid phase in which the country is still at present. Various development programmes are undertaken in the name of sustainability, while in actual practice the full potential of existing environmental management tools for proactive, integrated environmental management and therefore the assurance of sustainability are not employed. In the time of rapid change in which South Africa is at present, it is important that an integrated, holistic, proactive, multi-disciplinary approach should be followed in environmental management. It is also important that the public should form part of the events, so that a learning process can take place in which shared visions and objectives for sustainable development can be identified. In the this study it was found that the model of the biosphere reserve offers a mechanism for planning based on public participation and the proactive demarcation of zones for the different functions of it. The concept of a biosphere reserve has various characteristics which give it the potential to offer a good framework for environmental management, if it can be executed in an integrated way. From the case study it is clear that there are various stumbling-blocks for the implementation of the biosphere reserve concept in South Africa. The country is therefore in the process of forming co-ordinating bodies on provincial as well as national level with the purpose of addressing several of these stumbling-blocks. Moss (2000) said the following at a seminar in this regard: "Rather than forming islands in a world increasingly affected by severe human impacts, they can become theatres for reconciling people and nature; they can bring knowledge of the past to the needs of the future".