Department of Journalism

Permanent URI for this community

https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/53

Browse

Browsing Department of Journalism by browse.metadata.advisor "Claassen, G. N."

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Effektiewe klankopnames vir enkelkamera-televisieverslaggewing
    (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000-12) Human, J. F.; Claassen, G. N.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
    ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The most neglected element in television reporting is the sound track. The problem is illustrated by the fact that there are currently no specialised textbooks, or training courses, on sound recording for television reporting, anywhere in the world. Textbooks that deal with television reporting dedicate very little space to sound recordings. With the growing competition in television news, news teams are increasingly becoming smaller. It is common practice these days to have a news team consisting of only a cameraperson and a reporter. The cameraperson is also responsible for the sound. Two television stations, namely NYl in New York and Channel One Television in England, have already dispensed with the cameraperson and send out only a reporter. This dissertation addresses the above-mentioned problem by doing research on the sound equipment, recording techniques and production techniques that are useful for effective sound recordings during single camera television reporting. Chapter two explains the functions of the different departments in a television station, as well as the duties of the staff. Chapter three explains basic television principles, terminology and equipment that the sound person uses daily and needs to understand to perform his work optimally. Chapterfour gives the basic terms that are needed to follow a conversation on sound recording. Terms like decibel, stereo and digital sound are explained. The chapter also covers basic electricity and sound equipment. Chapter five covers microphones under three headings, namely: electrical characteristics, acoustic characteristics and microphone design. The chapter also covers associated equipment, explains the sound facilities on video cameras and gives a list of possible sound equipment that can be used during a production. Chapter six covers sound recordings, principles and techniques under the following headings: • Perspective and boom swinging, which deals with sound perspective and boom swinging. • Rigging of cables, which gives practical tips for laying cables inside and outside buildings. • Recording principles, which gives practical tips on sound recordings. • Interviews, which includes recording tips for television interviews and reporting. • Reporting, which covers reporting, media conferences and public events. • Commentary recordings, which deals with the preparation and recording of voice over. • Music recordings, which deals with instruments and bands, and suggests microphone positions. • Telephone lines, which covers the use of telephone lines for reporting. • Location reconnaissance, which gives practical tips on pre-production planning. • Guidelines for sound persons during productions, which concludes the chapter and the dissertation with practical tips on behaviour during local, foreign and/or dangerous productions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The looking glass : a comparative study of the way in which technology and health print publications use the Internet
    (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004-04) Wright, Bianca Maria Teresa; Claassen, G. N.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Department of Journalism
    ENGLISH ABSTRACT : The use of the Internet as a publishing tool is often seen as a threat by those in the traditional media. Claims that online publishing will one day supplant magazines, newspapers and books fuel this negative perception of the medium, yet the Internet holds a host of possibilities for those in these traditional media. Magazine publishers in particular can leverage the Internet as an audience research tool and bridge the gap between long lead-time, thereby cementing the relationship with readers. By examining what magazines in South Africa and the United States are already doing with the Internet and by surveying the views of South African and US media and the general South African public, this study hopes to propose a set of flexible guidelines for the successful utilisation of the Internet as a supplement to and complement of the traditional print magazine. This study has found the importance that media and users place on the creation of an online community as part of Internet use by media as particularly interesting in light of the fact that very few of the sites surveyed in this study offer chat rooms to their users. This implies a broadening of the term "community" to encompass a range of possibilities, including but not limited to online forums and bulletin boards, email links and newsletters and access to original content. The study has found that value-added services, which can be free or pay-toview, are the crux of the success of online magazine web sites. Users will pay - though not large amounts - if publishers give them what they want. The recommendations made in this study include the drafting of a clear vision for online operations to ensure that the online brand complements the existing print brand, the creation of value-added subscription services and online communities, the use of the Internet as a mini-focus group to glean information from users and cement a two-way relationship and the leveraging of existing content in dynamic ways, particularly in offering archives online. In this way, the study proposes that the Internet can indeed be a supplement to and complement of existing print media.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The manipulation of public opinion by state censorship of the media in South Africa (1974-1994)
    (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1997-12) Breytenbach, Malene M.; Claassen, G. N.; Du Plessis, L. M.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
    AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tussen die tydperk 1974 en 1994, terwyl blanke heerskappy in suidelike Afrika stelselmatig beeindig is en die blanke regering van Suid-Afrika die laaste domino in die reeks was wat geval het, het die regering die media en alle publikasies doelbewus gemanipuleer en sensuur toegepas om te voorkom dat die bevolking hul veggees verloor en om die indruk te wek dat die regering staande sou bly. Die regering het andersdenkendes, gebalanseerde verslaggewing en kritiek as 'n bedreiging ervaar, aangesien dit wel deeglik daarvan bewus was dat dit nie die steun van die meerderheid van die bevolking gehad het nie. Die Afrikaanse pers en die Suid-Afrikaanse Uitsaaikorporasie, wat onder regeringsbeheer was, het horn oorwegend gesteun, maar die Engelstalige, swart, buitelandse en altematiewe pers was almal teenstanders of vyandig. Uiteindelik het sommige van die Afrikaanse media ook krities geraak. Vryheid van spraak word as die lewensbloed van die demokrasie beskou, aangesien dit verseker dat regerings verantwoording aan die samelewing doen. Suid Afrika het daarop aanspraak gemaak dat dit die "vryste pers in Afrika" gehad het. In werklikheid was dit slegs 'n gedeeltelike demokrasie wat staande gehou is deur verskeie selfverdedigingsmeganismes soos die beleid van apartheid en die skepping van "tuislande" waar die stemlose swart burgers by hul plekke van oorsprong gestem het en nie in die blank-gedomineerde Parlement nie. In werklikheid het die Suid-Afrikaanse regering die uitwerking van die media op 'n verdeelde samelewing gevrees. Die rasse moes 'n vreedsame naasbestaan voer. Daar is erken dat dit die grondslag van wet en orde gevorm het. As dit nie verwesenlik kon word nie, sou 'n uitdelgingsoorlog of 'n gewelddadige rewolusie gelei deur vryheidsbewegings soos die ANC, kon uitbreek. Die blankes het die mag gehad maar was in die minderheid. Alhoewel die regering heelwat bestee het om stabiliteit en mag te behou, het sekere elemente en gebeurtenisse die mag verweer. Gebeurtenisse soos die lnligtingskandaal, die Angolese oorlog, militere diensplig en die hoe koste verbonde aan die behoud van die ou bedeling, het ontnugtering in die hand gewerk. Ook was daar die alomteenwoordige bedreiging van die vryheidsbewegings wat gewag het om mag oor te neem en in die proses daarin geslaag het om Suid-Afrika kultureel, ekonomies en polities te isoleer. Dit het die regering verswak totdat dit genoop is om krisisbestuur toe te pas terwyl 'n lae-intensiteit, senutergende oorlog voortdurend gevoer moes word, wat senutergend was. Uiteindelik het te veel landsburgers begin besef die apartheidsbeleid het misluk en dat voortbestaan afgehang het van 'n onderhandelde oorgang wat aan demokratiese eise sou voldoen. Na die vasberade stelling wat deur leiers soos BJ Vorster en PW Botha ingeneem is, het die laaste blanke president van Suid-Afrika, FW de Klerk, die bevrydingsproses aan die gang gesit, wat die ontbanning van die ANC, die vrystelling van politieke gevangenes en die beeindiging van die noodtoestand meegebring het. In 1993 het 'n nuwe Grondwet die van 1983 vervang. Dit het beteken dat die pers vryer geword het en daar weer 'n reg op inligting sou wees soos die Menseregtehandves sou verorden. Totdat die FW de Klerk-era aangebreek het, was die media onder toenemende druk om gebeurtenisse weer te gee soos dit die regering gepas het. Beperkende wetgewing is opgele met die doel om staatsveiligheid te handhaaf en 'n gunstiger beeld na buite te projekteer, asook om sogenaamde rewolusionere anti-Suid-Afrikaanse verslaggewing en propaganda te keer. Die Weermag en Polisie en regeringsinstansies soos die Buro vir lnligting en die hele Nasionale Veiligheidstelsel het dit toegepas. Die vernaamste meganisme waardeur die pers gemuilband is, veral die ondersoekende buitelandse pers, was die aankondiging van opeenvolgende noodtoestande toe die aanslag teen die ou bedeling op sy felste was. Ten spyte van die moedeloosheid van sommige mediapraktisyns en die verbete pogings tot geheimhouding van regeringskant, is nuus oor Suid-Afrika steeds die wereld ingestuur. In 'n era van hoetegnologie-kommunikasie en satelliete kan feite nie meer verberg word nie. Mense met die waagmoed om ondersoek in te stel na, en die waarheid bloot te le oor die interne en eksterne reperkussies vir Suid-Afrika terwyl die blanke regering ten gronde gegaan en 'n nuwe bedeling vorm aangeneem het, kon eenvoudig nie die swye opgele word nie.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Onbekend maak onbemind : die rol van die Suid-Afrikaanse pers in die destigmatisering van epilepsie
    (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003-04) Silke, Norman Joshua; Claassen, G. N.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
    ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study project provides an overview of the frequency and quality of reporting on epilepsy in the South African press and the role this plays in destigmatising the condition. It is introduced by a comprehensive background study, after which articles published in the country's leading newspapers during the period 2000 to 2002 are analysed. The perceptions of members of the public and medical doctors are examined by means of interviews and questionnaires, as part of an effort to determine how coverage of epilepsy is currently being handled. Suggestions on how the quality of information on epilepsy and the distribution thereof may be improved are also made. The conclusion is that newspaper coverage of epilepsy in South Africa is largely inadequate. During the above-mentioned period very few articles on epilepsy were published. Those that did appear, were mostly news items. There was a serious lack of investigative reporting. Dramatic headlines accompanying certain articles did not lead to greater understanding of the condition. At times reporting was even clearly irresponsible. The press should be an instrument to inform epilepsy patients, their families and their communities, and to guard against stigmatising. Science journalists should report clearly and thoroughly and be fully informed about their chosen subject. The study indicates a need for a greater focus on science by the press. Newspapers should provide training for science journalists and ensure that reporters are aware of the latest developments in the field of science and technology. More experts, like doctors, neurologists, and board members of organisations (like Epilepsy South Africa) should be involved in the writing of articles. Epilepsy is far more common than is generally believed, but many epilepsy patients hide their condition for fear of discrimination. As a result, they do not receive the help and support they are entitled to. In poor and disadvantaged communities epilepsy sufferers are still viewed with distrust and suspicion. It is the duty of the press to throw light on the condition and to keep focusing on it, so that fear and ignorance may be replaced with facts and information.