Revising the recent evolutionary history of equids using ancient DNA

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dc.contributor.authorOrlando L.
dc.contributor.authorMetcalf J.L.
dc.contributor.authorAlberdi M.T.
dc.contributor.authorTelles-Antunes M.
dc.contributor.authorBonjean D.
dc.contributor.authorOtte M.
dc.contributor.authorMartin F.
dc.contributor.authorEisenmann V.
dc.contributor.authorMashkour M.
dc.contributor.authorMorello F.
dc.contributor.authorPrado J.L.
dc.contributor.authorSalas-Gismondi R.
dc.contributor.authorShockey B.J.
dc.contributor.authorWrinn P.J.
dc.contributor.authorVasil'ev S.K.
dc.contributor.authorOvodov N.D.
dc.contributor.authorCherry M.I.
dc.contributor.authorHopwood B.
dc.contributor.authorMale D.
dc.contributor.authorAustin J.J.
dc.contributor.authorHanni C.
dc.contributor.authorCooper A.
dc.date.accessioned2011-05-15T16:02:18Z
dc.date.available2011-05-15T16:02:18Z
dc.date.issued2009
dc.description.abstractThe rich fossil record of the family Equidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) over the past 55 MY has made it an icon for the patterns and processes of macroevolution. Despite this, many aspects of equid phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy remain unresolved. Recent genetic analyses of extinct equids have revealed unexpected evolutionary patterns and a need for major revisions at the generic, subgeneric, and species levels. To investigate this issue we examine 35 ancient equid specimens from four geographic regions (South America, Europe, Southwest Asia, and South Africa), of which 22 delivered 87-688 bp of reproducible aDNA mitochondrial sequence. Phylogenetic analyses support a major revision of the recent evolutionary history of equids and reveal two new species, a South American hippidion and a descendant of a basal lineage potentially related to Middle Pleistocene equids. Sequences from specimens assigned to the giant extinct Cape zebra, Equus capensis, formed a separate clade within the modern plain zebra species, a phenotypicically plastic group that also included the extinct quagga. In addition, we revise the currently recognized extinction times for two hemione-related equid groups. However, it is apparent that the current dataset cannot solve all of the taxonomic and phylogenetic questions relevant to the evolution of Equus. In light of these findings, we propose a rapid DNA barcoding approach to evaluate the taxonomic status of the many Late Pleistocene fossil Equidae species that have been described from purely morphological analyses.
dc.description.versionArticle
dc.identifier.citationProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
dc.identifier.citation106
dc.identifier.citation51
dc.identifier.issn278424
dc.identifier.other10.1073/pnas.0903672106
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/12411
dc.subjectDNA
dc.subjectarticle
dc.subjectAsia
dc.subjectcontrolled study
dc.subjectDNA determination
dc.subjectDNA sequence
dc.subjectEurope
dc.subjectevolution
dc.subjectHolocene
dc.subjecthorse
dc.subjectMiddle Pleistocene
dc.subjectmitochondrion
dc.subjectnonhuman
dc.subjectnucleotide sequence
dc.subjectphylogeny
dc.subjectpriority journal
dc.subjectSouth Africa
dc.subjectSouth America
dc.subjecttaxonomy
dc.subjectUpper Pleistocene
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectDNA
dc.subjectEvolution
dc.subjectFossils
dc.subjectHorses
dc.subjectMolecular Sequence Data
dc.subjectEquidae
dc.subjectEquus
dc.subjectEquus capensis
dc.subjectEquus quagga
dc.subjectEquus subg. Hippotigris
dc.subjectHippidion
dc.subjectMammalia
dc.subjectPerissodactyla
dc.titleRevising the recent evolutionary history of equids using ancient DNA
dc.typeArticle
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