Die lagtrane van ’n asielsoeker : postkoloniale humor in geselekteerde gedigte en prosatekste van die Nederlands-Irakese skrywer Rodaan Al Galidi

Date
2023-12
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study analyses the postcolonial humour in selected poems and prose texts of the Dutch-Iraqi writer Rodaan Al Galidi. Al Galidi's stories often relay tragic events narrated in a funny way. The novels selected for this study are Hoe ik talent voor het leven kreeg (2016) (English: Two Blankets Three Sheets (2020)) and Holland (2020) (English: The Leash and the Ball (2022)) while the poems come from Koelkastlicht (2016b) and Neem de titel serieus (2018). Various theorists note that postcolonial writers' work often contains (gallows) humour. It therefore makes sense to study these two concepts, namely post-colonialism and humour, as a unit. Post-colonialism involves the fight against colonialism and its legacy while postcolonial literature forms part of a multidisciplinary movement aimed at the academic revisiting, recollection and critical evaluation of colonial history (Holoch, 2012:5). The theoretical underpinning of this study is formed by humour studies and post-colonialism. This study is based on the assumption that postcolonial writers at times use humour to describe the experience of postcolonial reality. The three most well-known humour theories are explored with reference to humour studies: the superiority theory, the incongruity theory and the relief theory. This study explores the application of humour as a literary technique informed by a postcolonial perspective, and more specifically how this is applied in selected poetry and prose texts of Al Galidi. Three different theories (the superiority theory, incongruity theory and relief theory) are used to identify the humorous elements in these poems and prose texts. The research question directing this study is how humour can be applied as a literary technique underpinned by a postcolonial perspective to convey a message to a recipient. This study examines how and why Rodaan Al Galidi uses humour in his prose and poetry – in particular his novels Hoe ik talent voor het leven kreeg (2016) and Holland (2020), and poems from Koelkastlicht (2016b) and Neem de titel serieus (2018). Other research questions pertain to how the respective humour theories correspond with the goals of postcolonial literature, and in what way Al Galidi's humour helps to articulate his identity, perspective of society and insight into the zeitgeist. A qualitative methodology is used in this study. Textual analysis and the close reading method (taking only the text into account; not the context or circumstances) were used to draw conclusions about the way in which Al Galidi uses humour informed by a postcolonial perspective to communicate with the recipient. Some of the objectives of postcolonial literature correspond with those of humorous literature: The sender wants to provide the receiver with new insight, exercise his agency, and offer the receiver a new perspective on the (postcolonial) context. The conclusion of this study is that jokes made in a postcolonial context are “tendentious” jokes. The themes in Al Galidi's humor include identity formation, his relationship with Dutch society, and his perspective or zeitgeist.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ontleed die postkoloniale humor in geselekteerde gedigte en prosatekste van die Nederlands-Irakese skrywer Rodaan Al Galidi. Al Galidi se verhale handel dikwels oor tragiese gebeure wat hy op ʼn snaakse manier vertel. Die romans waarop daar gefokus word, is Hoe ik talent voor het leven kreeg (2016) en Holland (2020), en die gedigte kom uit Koelkastlicht (2016b) en Neem de titel serieus (2018). Verskeie teoretici let op dat postkoloniale skrywers se werk dikwels (galge-)humor bevat. Dit maak dus sin om hierdie twee konsepte, naamlik postkolonialisme en humor, saam te bestudeer. Postkolonialisme behels die bestryding van kolonialisme en die nalatenskap daarvan terwyl postkoloniale letterkunde deel vorm van hierdie multidissiplinêre projek wat gerig is op die akademiese herbesoek, herinnering en kritiese evaluering van die koloniale geskiedenis (Holoch, 2012:5). Die teoretiese onderbou van hierdie studie word gevorm deur humorstudies en postkolonialisme. Die aanname van hierdie studie is dat postkoloniale skrywers soms gebruik maak van humor om die ervaring van die postkoloniale werklikheid te beskryf. Ten opsigte van humorstudies word daar spesifiek na die drie bekendste humorteorieë gekyk: die meerderwaardigheidsteorie, die onversoenbaarheidsteorie en die verligtingsteorie. Hierdie studie verken die toepassing van humor as literêre tegniek binne ʼn postkoloniale perspektief, en meer spesifiek hoe dit in geselekteerde poësie en prosatekste van Al Galidi aangewend word. Drie verskillende teorieë (die meerderwaardigheidsteorie, onversoenbaarheidsteorie en verligtingsteorie) word gebruik om die humoristiese elemente in hierdie prosatekste en poësie te identifiseer. Die navorsingsvraag wat hierdie studie onderlê, is hoe humor as literêre tegniek toegepas kan word vanuit ʼn postkoloniale perspektief om ʼn berig aan ʼn ontvanger oor te dra. Hierdie navorsing ondersoek hoe en waarom Rodaan Al Galidi humor in sy prosa en poësie gebruik – spesifiek in sy romans Hoe ik talent voor het leven kreeg (2016) en Holland (2020), en gedigte uit Koelkastlicht (2016b) en Neem de titel serieus (2018). Ander navorsingsvrae handel oor hoe die doelwitte van die onderskeie humorteorieë met die doelwitte van postkoloniale letterkunde ooreenstem, en in watter opsig Al Galidi se humor help om sy identiteit, perspektief op die samelewing en insigte in die zeitgeist te verwoord. Die metodologie van hierdie ondersoek is kwalitatief van aard. Tekstuele analise en die stipleesmetode (waar net die teks in ag geneem word; nie die konteks of omstandighede nie) is gebruik om gevolgtrekkings te maak oor die manier waarop Al Galidi humor benut om vanuit ʼn postkoloniale perspektief met die ontvanger te kommunikeer. Sommige van die doelwitte van postkoloniale en humoristiese letterkunde stem ooreen: Die sender wil vir die ontvanger nuwe insig gee, sy agentskap uitoefen, en aan die ontvanger ʼn nuwe perspektief op die (postkoloniale) konteks bied. Die gevolgtrekking van hierdie studie is dat grappe wat in ʼn postkoloniale konteks gemaak word doelgerigte grappe is. Die temas in Al Galidi se sin vir humor sluit identiteitsvorming, sy verhouding met die Nederlandse samelewing en sy perspektief of zeitgeist in.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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