Inhibition of multidrug-resistant foodborne Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by a natural terpenoid (+)-nootkatone and related molecular mechanism

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dc.contributor.authorFarha, Arakkaveettil Kabeeren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorYang, Qiong-Qiongen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKim, Gowoonen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Danen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMavumengwana, Vuyoen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHabimana, Olivieren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLi, Hua-Binen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCorke, Harolden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGan, Ren-Youen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2022-07-25T09:34:30Zen_ZA
dc.date.available2022-07-25T09:34:30Zen_ZA
dc.date.issued2020-02en_ZA
dc.descriptionCITATION: Farha, A. K. et al. 2020. Inhibition of multidrug-resistant foodborne Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by a natural terpenoid (+)-nootkatone and related molecular mechanism. Food Control, 112. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107154.en_ZA
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at http://www.journals.elsevier.com/food-control/en_ZA
dc.description.abstractStaphylococcus aureus, a foodborne pathogen, poses serious problems to the food industries owing to biofilm formation, and over 25% of the foodborne illnesses in China have been attributed to S. aureus only. Phytochemicals are widely used as anti-biofilm agents with promising efficacy, and most of them are widely available and safe. This study reported the anti-biofilm efficacy of (+)-nootkatone, a sesquiterpene ketone found in a common fruit grapefruit, against multidrug-resistant S. aureus and its potential molecular mechanism. (+)-Nootkatone exhibited bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects at 200 and 400 μg/mL, respectively, against S. aureus SJTUF 20758 and S. aureus ATCC 25923. Crystal violet staining indicated that (+)-nootkatone inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation (p < 0.05) at a sub-MIC of 50 μg/mL and reduced exopolysaccharide production. The thickness of biofilms was significantly reduced by (+)-nootkatone, which was supported by the light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Growth curve of bacteria showed that the antibacerial activity of (+)-nootkatone was dose-dependent, and the sub-MIC concentrations did not affect the bacterial growth of planktonic cells. Besides, (+)-nootkatone affected the sliding motility of S. aureus. At 200 μg/mL, (+)-nootkatone led to the reduction of preformed biofilm mass by 50% and bacterial cell death of 79%, accompanied with a reduction of exopolysaccharide. The expression of biofilm-related genes, including sarA, icaA, agrA, RNAIII, and spa, was suppressed by (+)-nootkatone, as revealed by the transcriptional analysis. Additionally, MTT assay revealed that there was no toxicity of (+)-nootkatone to the human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) cells. Therefore, (+)-nootkatone is a promising phytochemical against S. aureus biofilms, and has the potential to be used in food industry to fight against S. aureus-induced safety issues.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713520300700?via%3Dihuben_ZA
dc.description.versionPublishers versionen_ZA
dc.format.extent8 pagesen_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0956-7135 (print)en_ZA
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107154en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/125549en_ZA
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherElsevieren_ZA
dc.rights.holderElsevieren_ZA
dc.subjectStaphylococcus aureusen_ZA
dc.subjectPhytochemical pesticidesen_ZA
dc.subjectMultidrug resistanceen_ZA
dc.subjectNootkatoneen_ZA
dc.subjectFoodborne diseasesen_ZA
dc.subjectBiofilmsen_ZA
dc.subjectPests -- Controlen_ZA
dc.titleInhibition of multidrug-resistant foodborne Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by a natural terpenoid (+)-nootkatone and related molecular mechanismen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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