Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of fifth-year medical students at a South African university regarding their public health course

Date
2022-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY: The coronavirus epidemic has put public health in the spotlight like never before, with daily reports regarding epidemiological modelling and the control of the disease outbreak. The public has become more aware of public health practices and the role of the public health profession in the fight to fight the pandemic. The renewed interest places the responsibility on academics in public health to equip students with the necessary knowledge and skills. In this way, competent and effective clinicians can be trained who can play a significant role in the fight against the current and future pandemics. Public health theories and practical modules are offered worldwide in undergraduate curricula of most medical schools. However, the content and period of exposure regarding teaching and learning in public health differ drastically between local medical schools and internationally. The study aimed to understand fifth-year medical students' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding their public health course to inform curriculum renewal for this course. A mixed-methods study design was used for this study. The study design for the quantitative and qualitative phases was descriptive cross-sectional with a phenomenological design. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to gather data from the fifth-year medial students regarding their knowledge, attitudes and perceptions related to their public health curriculum. A focus group interview was conducted with student representatives as key informants. The qualitative and quantitative data were analysed in parallel. The results from each approach were used to cross-validate the findings. This study showed that most students were conversant regarding relevant public health topics that should be included in the public health curriculum. However, most students were not satisfied with the public health course. The students felt that the learning opportunities in public health and research were limited and inadequate and did not include service or practical learning. In addition, the students felt that teaching strategies employed by the department were ineffective. Finally, most students had positive perceptions of public health as discipline and felt it was an essential aspect of clinical medicine and should be part of medical training. In conclusion, the study highlights the need to involve medical students in the curriculum renewal process, as well as to understand their attitudes and perspectives. This knowledge can be used in the future to help the curriculum developers to compile core curricula. In this way, their public health learning experience and medical school training can be improved. Curriculum developers should consider integrating the disciplinary underpinnings of public health in clinical disciplines and employing experiential learning and interactive strategies to teach public health.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die coronavirus epidemie het openbare gesondheid in die kollig geplaas soos nog nooit te vore met daaglikse verslae rakende epidemiologiese modellering en die kontrole van die siekte-uitbreking. Die publiek het meer bewus geraak van openbare gesondheidspraktyke en die rol van die openbare gesondheidsprofessie in die stryd om die pandemie te beveg. Die hernude belangstelling plaas die verantwoordelikheid op akademici in openbare gesondheid om studente met die nodige kennis en vaardighede toe te rus. Sodoende kan bekwame/effektiewe klinici opgelei word wat ‘n betekenisvolle rol kan lewer in die stryd teen die huidige en toekomstige pandemies. Openbare gesondheidsteoriee en praktiese modules word wereldwyd in voorgraadse leerplanne van meeste mediese skole aangebied. Die inhoud en tydperk van blootstelling wat onderrig en leer betref in openbare gesondheid verskil egter drasties tussen plaaslike mediese skole, en ook internasionaal. Die studie het ten doel om kennis, houdings, en persepsies van vyfdejaar mediese studente in te samel om sodoende die kursusleerplan van die openbare gesondheidskursus in die toekoms te kan vernuwe. 'n Gemengde-metodes studie-ontwerp is vir hierdie studie gebruik. Die studie-ontwerp vir die kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe fases was 'n beskrywende deursnee-studie met 'n fenomenologiese ontwerp. 'n Vyf-punt Likert-skaal vraelys is gebruik om data rakende die vyfde jaar mediese studente se kennis, houdings en persepsies rakende hul openbare gesondheid kurrikulum in te samel. ‘n Fokusgroep onderhoud is met studente leiers as sleutel informante gevoer. Die kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe data is in parallel ontleed. Die resultate van elke benadering is gebruik om die bevindinge te kruis valideer. Hierdie studie het aan die lig gebring dat die meeste studente op hoogte was van relevante openbare gesondheid onderwerpe wat in die openbare gesondheid kurrikulum ingesluit behoort te word. Die meeste studente was egter nie tevrede met die openbare gesondheidskursus nie. Die studente het gevoel dat die leer geleenthede in openbare gesondheid en navorsing beperk en onvoldoende was en nie diens of praktiese leer insluit nie. Daarbenewens het die studente gevoel dat onderrigstrategieë wat deur die departement gebruik word, ondoeltreffend was. Ten slotte, die meeste studente het positiewe persepsies van openbare gesondheid as dissipline gehad en het gevoel dat dit 'n noodsaaklike aspek van kliniese medisyne is en deel van mediese opleiding moet wees. Ten slotte beklemtoon die studie die behoefte om mediese studente by die kurrikulum vernuwings proses te betrek en hul houdings en perspektiewe te verstaan. Hierdie kennis kan in die toekoms gebruik word om die kurrikulum ontwikkelaars te help om kern kurrikulums saam te stel. Op hierdie manier kan hul openbare gesondheid leerervaring en mediese skool opleiding verbeter word. Kurrikulum ontwikkelaars moet dit oorweeg om die dissiplinere onderbou van openbare gesondheid in kliniese dissiplines te integreer en om ervaringsleer en interaktiewe strategiee te gebruik om openbare gesondheid te onderrig.
Description
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2022.
Keywords
Medical students -- South Africa -- Attitudes, Medical students -- Study and teaching -- South Africa, Medical students -- Knowledge and learning -- South Africa, UCTD
Citation