Influence of a coal derived potassium humate on the yield and nutrient content of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) under field conditions

Date
1997
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The exact composition and physical properties of humic substances has not been clearly defined. humic substances are ubiquitous and are found in all soils. humic substance s are classified into humic acids, fulvic acids and humin on the basis of their solubility in water. The charateristics of humic substances also vary according to the extarction method. This makes the comparison between various types even more difficult. The importance of humic substances in plant nutrition has also been identified. Various elements are bund to humic substances which improve the soil nutritional status. Pesticides and herbicides are degraded or absorbed by humic substances which netralises these chemicals in the soil. It has been found that the relation between humic substances and microbial growth can have positive effect on plant growth. Although humic substances are resistant to microbial breakdown, there are some carbon compounds associated with humates that were readily decomposable. The most significant effects of humic substances have been found on root growth. It seems that roots react more readily that leaves and stems to applications of humic and fulvic acids. When humic acids are applied in low concentrations, its effect is more hormonal than nutritional. The humic substances with lower molecular mass have higher hormone-like activity then the high molecular humic subtances. A coal derived potassium humate was used in this study to determine the yield, quality and elemntal status of tomatoes under field condition. In the field study no significant differences in yield, quality or the elemental status of fruits and leaves were found. This was primarily ascribed to the high soil nutrient status and carbon content of the soil. The rate of potassium release from a coal derived potassium humate, a commercial potassium chloride fertilizer and soil alone was also determined under varying conditions. The rate of potassium release through diffusion in a soil with added potassium humate and without was higher than soils added with a commercial availbale potassium chloride. When the leachate of soil water was measured, the soil with the commercial pottasium chloride had the highest rate of potassium release. The release of potassium was also measured varying the tempreature and total amount of water. At lower temperatures more potassium was released than the higher temperatures and the lower water volumes released more potassium than the higher water volumes at all tested temperatures.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die presiese samestelling en fisiese eienskappe van humate is nog nie bepaal nie. humate is alomteenwoordig in alle gronde. Humate word geklasifiseer in humiensure, fulviensure en humien, gegrond op hul oplosbaarheid in water. Die eienskappe van humate verskil te opsigte van die ekstraksie metode wat gevolg word. Dit maak die vergelyking tussen die verskillende tipes humate moeilik. Die belangrikheid van humate in plantvoeding is al omskryf. Elemente vorm komplekse met humate wat die grond se voedingstatus verhoog en plantgroei verbter. Plaagdoders en onkruiddoders word of afgebreek of ge-adsorbeer deur humate. DIt neutraliseer die nadelige langwerkende aksie wat die gifstowwe op die omgewing mag uitoefen. Die verhouding tussen humate en grondmikrobes kan 'n positiewe effek op plantegroei uitoefen. Alhoewel humate redelike bestandheid toon teen mikrobiese afbraak, word sommige koolstof verbindings geredlik afgebreek. Die mees beduidende affek van humate is op die wortelgroei van plante. Dit blyk dat wortels meer geredlik reageer op toedienings van humien- en fulfiensure as blare of stingels. Sodra humate teen lae dosisse toegedien word is die effek meer hormonaal van aard as 'n voedings reaksie. Die laer molekulêre massa humate blyk meer effektief te wees in die verband. In die studie is die invloed van 'n steenkool afgeleide kalium humaat op die opbrengs, kwaliteit en konsentrasie van elemente in die blare en vrugte van tamaties onder veld toestande bepaal. Daar was geen beduidende verskille in opbrengs, kwaliteit of konsentrasie van elemnte in die vrugte en blare van die tamatiesplante gevind nie. Die bevindinge kan toegeskryf word aan die hoë koolstof konsentrasie asook die hoë voedungswaarde van die grond waarin die plante geplant is. Die tempo van kalium vrystelling van die steenkool afgeleide kalium humaat, 'n kommersiële KCI bemestingstof en grond alleen is bepaal onder verskeie toestande. Die tempo van kalium vrystelling deur diffusie in 'n grond waar due kalium humaat gevoeg was, was hoër as die waar die kommersiële KCI toegevoeg was. In 'n tweede eksperiment waar die logingsfraksie van die grond opgevang is, het die kommersiëlw KCI die hoogste tempo van kalium vrystelling getoon. Die tempo van vrystelling van kalium is ook bepaal deur die temperatuur en hoeveelheid water wat deur die grond beweeg te varieer. Daar is gevind dat soos die temperatuur styg, minder beweeg te varieer. Daar is gevind dat soos die temperatuur styg, minder kalium vrygestel is van beide kalium huumaat en kommersiële KCI. By a;;e temperature het die tempo van kalium vrystelling verlaag met toename in volume water wat deur die grond beweeg het.
Description
Thesis (M. Sc. Agric.) -- University of Stellenbosch, 1997.
Spine title: Influence of potassium humate on tomatos.
Keywords
Tomatoes -- Fertilizers, Tomatoes -- Yields, Humates -- Analysis, Potassium salts, Potassium in agriculture, Plants -- Nutrition, Soils -- Humic acid content, Humus -- Environmental aspects, Tomatoes -- Effect of potassium on, UCTD
Citation