Department of Psychiatry
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Factors moderating the relationship between childhood trauma and premorbid adjustment in first-episode schizophrenia
(Public Library of Science, 2017-01-20)Childhood trauma is a recognised risk factor for schizophrenia. It has been proposed that childhood trauma interferes with normal neurodevelopment, thereby establishing a biological vulnerability to schizophrenia. Poor ...
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Measuring the impact of HIV on the fronto-striatal system
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12)ENGLISH SUMMARY : HIV infection remains a major contributor to the global health burden despite the introduction of effective prevention strategies and the effectiveness of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Of ...
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Establishing modified mental health assertive treatment programs in a developing country
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12)ENGLISH SUMMARY : An increasing demand for acute inpatient beds has put pressure on psychiatric services in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. While this is not unusual compared to elsewhere in the world, this ...
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Cigarette smoking, nicotine dependence, and motivation to quit smoking in South African male psychiatric inpatients
(BioMed Central, 2016-11)Background: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide and the prevalence is particularly high among psychiatric patients but recent international studies demonstrated that psychiatric patients are able ...
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Development and psychometric validation of a novel patient survey to assess perceived quality of substance abuse treatment in South Africa
(BioMed Central, 2015-11)Background: A hybrid performance measurement system that combines patient-reported outcome data with administrative data has been developed for South African substance abuse treatment services. This paper describes the ...
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Neonatal septicaemia : prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common pathogens at Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana
(Medpharm Publications, 2015)Background: Septicaemia is the third most common cause of neonatal death after prematurity and birth asphyxia. The prevalence of neonatal sepsis and the spectrum of causative microorganisms fluctuates over time, thus ...
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Association between childhood adversities and long-term suicidality among South Africans from the results of the South African stress and health study : a cross-sectional study
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2014-11)Objective: Suicide and suicidal behaviours are significant public health problems and a leading cause of death worldwide and in South Africa. We examined the association between childhood adversities and suicidal behaviour ...
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Escitalopram in the prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder : a pilot randomized controlled trial
(BioMed Central, 2015-02)Background: A small literature suggests that pharmacotherapy may be useful in the prophylaxis of posttraumatic stress disorder in patients presenting with major trauma. There is relatively little data, however, on the use ...
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Indicated prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in South Africa : effectiveness of case management
(MDPI, 2015-12)In the Western Cape Province of South Africa (ZA) a subculture of binge drinking produces the highest global documented prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). FASD prevention research activities in ZA use ...
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The prevalence of compassion fatigue and burnout among healthcare professionals in intensive care units : a systematic review
(Public Library of Science, 2015)Background: Working in the stressful environment of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is an emotionally charged challenge that might affect the emotional stability of medical staff. The quality of care for ICU patients and ...
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Understanding the impact of hazardous and harmful use of alcohol and/or other drugs on ARV adherence and disease progression
(Public Library of Science, 2015-05)The objective of this study was to understand the impact of hazardous and harmful use of alcohol and/or other drugs on ARV adherence and disease progression among HIV patients. A cross-sectional study design was used. A ...
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Instruments measuring blunted affect in schizophrenia : a systematic review
(Public Library of Science, 2015-06)Blunted affect, also referred to as emotional blunting, is a prominent symptom of schizophrenia. Patients with blunted affect have difficulty in expressing their emotions. The work of Abrams and Taylor and their development ...
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Doing their best : strategies used by South African clinicians in working with psychiatric inpatients across a language barrier
(Co-Action Publishing, 2015-10-26)Background and objectives: South Africa has 11 official languages, but most psychiatrists can speak only English and Afrikaans and there are no formal interpreter posts in the mental healthcare system. As a result clinicians ...
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Anger and Afrophobia in South Africa : what is a health practitioner to do?
(Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2015)The facts seem to indicate that South Africa is one of the more violent places on earth. We have been, and continue to be, a country with significant levels of political violence, criminal violence and domestic violence. ...
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Identifying perceived barriers to monitoring service quality among substance abuse treatment providers in South Africa
(BioMed Central, 2014-02-05)Background: A performance measurement system is planned for South African substance abuse treatment services. Provider-level barriers to implementing these systems have been identified in the United States, but little ...
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Kleine-Levin syndrome as a neuropsychiatric presentation : a case report and review
(AOSIS Publishing, 2014-07-30)Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare disorder characterised by hypersomnia, hyperphagia and behavioural disturbances. It typically occurs in adolescent men and may mimic a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. Here we ...
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Undiagnosed metabolic syndrome and other adverse effects among clozapine users of Xhosa descent
(AOSIS Publishing, 2014-07)Background. Clozapine use is known to be associated with significant side-effects, including prolongation of the QT-interval, agranulocytosis and metabolic syndrome. However, few data exist on the prevalence of clozapine ...
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Staff and bed distribution in public sector mental health services in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
(AOSIS Publishing, 2014-11)Background. The Eastern Cape Province of South Africa is a resource-limited province with a fragmented mental health service. Objective. To determine the current context of public sector mental health services in terms ...
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The South African Society of Psychiatrists (SASOP) treatment guidelines for psychiatric disorders
(AOSIS Publishing, 2013-08)The South African Society of Psychiatrists (SASOP) Treatment Guidelines for Psychiatric Disorders have been developed in order to address the local need for guidelines in our unique clinical setting.
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Outcomes of adult heroin users v. abstinent users four years after presenting for heroin detoxification treatment
(AOSIS Publishing, 2014-08)Background. There are no studies in South Africa (SA) on the outcomes following detoxification and psychosocial rehabilitation of heroindependent patients. Objective. To compare the demographic, clinical, forensic and ...
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Management of mental health disorders and central nervous system sequelae in HIV-positive children and adolescents
(AOSIS Publishing, 2014-09)HIV-positive children and adolescents are at increased risk of both central nervous system (CNS) sequelae and mental disorders owing to a number of factors, including the impact of HIV infection on the brain, social ...
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Investigating the association between diabetes mellitus, depression and psychological distress in a cohort of South African teachers
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2015-11)Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) may increase the risk of depression as a result of a sense of threat of debilitating complications or because of associated lifestyle changes. Depression may increase the risk of type 2 ...
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World Health Organization guidelines for management of acute stress, PTSD, and bereavement : key challenges on the road ahead
(PLoS, 2014-12)The implementation of new WHO mental health guidelines for conditions and disorders specifically related to stress is likely to face obstacles, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. N Formulation of ...
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The impact of alcohol on HIV prevention and treatment for South Africans in primary healthcare
(AOSIS Publishing, 2014-08-01)Background: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has substantially reduced morbidity and mortality for HIV patients. In South Africa, with the largest ART programme globally, attention is needed not only on the further expansion ...
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Alcohol use, working conditions, job benefits, and the legacy of the "Dop" system among farm workers in the Western Cape Province, South Africa : hope despite high levels of risky drinking
(MDPI, 2014-07)This study describes alcohol consumption in five Western Cape Province communities. Cross-sectional data from a community household sample (n = 591) describe the alcohol use patterns of adult males and females, and farm ...
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Legalising medical use of cannabis in South Africa : is the empirical evidence sufficient to support policy shifts in this direction?
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2014-06)Inkatha Freedom Party MP Mario Oriani-Ambrosini’s impassioned plea to legalise the medical use of cannabis must be understood in the context of his own condition as well as legislative changes in at least ten countries. ...
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Mandatory reporting of child abuse in South Africa : legislation explored
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2014-08)Legislation concerning mandatory reporting of child abuse in South Africa has been in effect since 2010, with the promulgation of amendment 41 of 2007 to the Children’s Act of 2005. This article explores mandatory reporting ...
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A prospective study of clinical, biological and functional aspects of outcome in first episode psychosis
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Prospective, longitudinal clinical studies in first-episode schizophrenia have become relatively commonplace over the past two decades or more and have provided a wealth of useful information regarding ...
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Assessing post-traumatic stress disorder in South African adolescents : using the child and adolescent trauma survey (CATS) as a screening tool
(BioMed Central, 2005-01)Background: Several studies have demonstrated that South African children and adolescents are exposed to high levels of violent trauma with a significant proportion developing PTSD, however, limited resources make it ...
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An analysis of early developmental trauma in social anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder
(BioMed Central, 2014-05)Background: The early contributions of childhood trauma (emotional, physical, sexual, and general) have been hypothesized to play a significant role in the development of anxiety disorders, such as posttraumatic ...
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