Medical Virology
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Observed HIV drug resistance associated mutations amongst naïve immunocompetent children in Yaounde, Cameroon
(European HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Academy, 2017)Introduction: The emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) has been a major threat for successful lifelong combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), especially for HIV-vertically infected children within the context ...
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Mutational correlates of virological failure in individuals receiving a WHO-recommended tenofovir-containing first-line regimen : an international collaboration
(Elsevier, 2017)Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) genotypic resistance defined by K65R/N and/or K70E/Q/G occurs in 20% to 60% of individuals with virological failure (VF) on a WHO-recommended TDF-containing first-line regimen. However, ...
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HBV and HIV viral load but not microbial translocation or immune activation are associated with liver fibrosis among patients in South Africa
(BioMed Central, 2018-05-08)Background: Co-infection with HIV negatively impacts the progression of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, including causing rapid progression to liver fibrosis. Sub-Saharan Africa represents arguably the most ...
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Profiling Enterovirus and Parvovirus B19 in sudden and unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) at the Tygerberg Medico-legal Mortuary and the role of myocarditis as a possible cause of death
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)ENGLISH SUMMARY: Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains one of the leading causes of death among infants. The Triple-Risk Model has contributed to identifying modifiable risk factors that may lead to a ...
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Respiratory infections and immune biomarkers of infection and inflammation in cases of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) at the Tygerberg Medico-legal Mortuary
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)ENGLISH SUMMARY: infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of infant death in the post-neonatal stage in developing and developed countries. A diagnosis of SIDS is made after medico-legal investigations fail to ...
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HIV evolution and diversity in ART-treated patients
(BioMed Central, 2018-01-30)Characterizing HIV genetic diversity and evolution during antiretroviral therapy (ART) provides insights into the mechanisms that maintain the viral reservoir during ART. This review describes common methods used to obtain ...
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HIV-1 molecular diversity and drug resistance mutations amongst immuno-competent, therapy naïve infants/children and adults in Yaounde, Cameroon
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-12)Background: In Cameroon, HIV infections range between 550, 000 to 690, 000 for adults aged 15 to 49 years and a prevalence rate at 4.5%. In children of 0 – 14 years, HIV infections range between 34, 000 to 44, 000. The ...
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The diversity of coronaviruses in Southern African bat populations
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Coronaviruses are RNA viruses encompassing four genera. The alpha- and betacoronaviruses have commonly been associated with mild disease in humans. However, outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in ...
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Prevalence and risk factors of acute respiratory infection by human respiratory syncytial virus in children at Provincial General Hospital of Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) is the major cause of acute respiratory infection in children (ARI) and it is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, especially in younger children. ...
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Biomedical research and capacity building : bilateral collaboration between research institutes in South Africa and Cameroon
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2016)No abstract available
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Deciphering multiplicity of HIV-1C infection : transmission of closely related multiple viral lineages
(Public Library of Science, 2016-11-28)Background: A single viral variant is transmitted in the majority of HIV infections. However, about 20% of heterosexually transmitted HIV infections are caused by multiple viral variants. Detection of transmitted HIV ...
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Moderate levels of pre-treatment HIV-1 antiretroviral drug resistance detected in the first South African national survey
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: In order to assess the level of transmitted and/or pre-treatment antiretroviral drug resistance to HIV-1, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that regular surveys are conducted. This study’s objective ...
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Analysis of viral diversity in relation to the recency of HIV-1C infection in Botswana
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: Cross-sectional, biomarker methods to determine HIV infection recency present a promising and cost-effective alternative to the repeated testing of uninfected individuals. We evaluate a viral-based assay ...
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Effects of prednisolone on disease progression in antiretroviral-untreated HIV infection : a 2-year randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: HIV-disease progression correlates with immune activation. Here we investigated whether corticosteroid treatment can attenuate HIV disease progression in antiretroviral-untreated patients. Methods: Double-blind, ...
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Mucus and mucins: do they have a role in the inhibition of the human immunodeficiency virus?
(BioMed Central, 2017-10-06)Background: Mucins are large O-linked glycosylated proteins which give mucus their gel-forming properties. There are indications that mucus and mucins in saliva, breast milk and in the cervical plug inhibit the human ...
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Highlights from the 3rd international HIV/viral hepatitis Co-infection meeting - HIV/viral hepatitis : improving diagnosis, antiviral therapy and access
(BioMed Central, 2017-04-20)The International AIDS Society convened the 3rd International HIV/Viral Hepatitis Co-Infection Meeting on 17 July 2016 as part of the pre-conference program preceding the 21st International AIDS Conference held in Durban, ...
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Investigation of the HIV diversity in the Cape Winelands, Overberg and West Coast districts of the Western Cape Province of South Africa
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03)ENGLISH SUMMARY: The Western Cape Province of South Africa has a well-established program that monitors active combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) against HIV-1. The HIV-1 prevalence rate in the Province has increased ...
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Characterization of HIV-1 subtype B near full-length genome sequences identified at the start of HIV epidemic in South Africa
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03)ENGLISH SUMMARY: South Africa is home to approximately 20.0% of the global Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected population. The first reported cases of HIV-1 in the country were described in 1982 amongst the homosexual ...
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HIV-1C dynamics and evolutionary trends in Botswana
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12-09)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Introduction: HIV incidence estimates are critical for monitoring HIV transmission dynamics, and for design and evaluation of the impact of interventions. Biomarkers and assays for cross-sectional surveillance ...
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Blood dendritic cells in chronically HIV-1 infected individuals in South Africa: Phenotype, function and immune modulation
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT :HIV-1 infection detrimentally affects CD4 T lymphocytes as well as the blood plasmacytoid (pDC) and myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) compartment. DCs act as innate sensors and as initiators and directors ...
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Hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in South Africa: epidemiology and impact of HIV-1 co-infection and immune dysregulation
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Co-infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negatively impacts the natural progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, including causing rapid progression to liver fibrosis and ...
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Identifying recent HIV infections : from serological assays to genomics
(MDPI, 2015-10-23)In this paper, we review serological and molecular based methods to identify HIV infection recency. The accurate identification of recent HIV infection continues to be an important research area and has implications for ...
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History and origin of the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South Africa and the greater southern African region
(Nature, 2015-11-17)HIV has spread at an alarming rate in South Africa, making it the country with the highest number of HIV infections. Several studies have investigated the histories of HIV-1 subtype C epidemics but none have done so in ...
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HIV-1 diversity in an antiretroviral treatment naïve cohort from Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
(BioMed Central, 2015-02)Background South Africa has a generalized and explosive HIV/AIDS epidemic with the largest number of people infected with HIV-1 in the world. Molecular investigations of HIV-1 diversity can help enhance interventions ...
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Hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-exposed infants in the Western Cape, South Africa
(Elsevier, 2015-07)Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is a significant public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Universal infant vaccination with the hepatitis B (HB) vaccine has been implemented within the South African Expanded Programme ...
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The HIV/HBV co-infected patient : time for proactive management
(Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2015-02)Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects around 240 million people worldwide, with the highest prevalence of disease in Africa and Asia. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cancer in men in Africa, ...
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38 years after its discovery, Ebola virus spins out of control
(South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), 2014-09)The evolutionary origin of Ebolaviruses is not very clear. The simple notion that these viruses have been circulating for many millennia in wildlife in tropical parts of Africa, occasionally spilling over into human ...
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Rooting the phylogenetic tree of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by characterization of a conspecific virus from an African bat
(American Society for Microbiology, 2014-10)The emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes lethal respiratory infections mainly on the Arabian Peninsula. The evolutionary origins of MERS-CoV are unknown. We determined the full genome ...
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Novel arenavirus isolates from Namaqua rock mice, Namibia, Southern Africa
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2015-07)Arenaviruses are feared as agents that cause viral hemorrhagic fevers. We report the identification, isolation, and genetic characterization of 2 novel arenaviruses from Namaqua rock mice in Namibia. These findings extend ...
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Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in sub-Saharan Africa : time to act
(Elsevier, 2015-07)What few people thought possible little more than a decade ago is now reality: scientific and operational advances are greatly reducing the number of deaths from HIV. The number of infant infections has decreased by 58% ...
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