Medical Virology
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HBV and HIV viral load but not microbial translocation or immune activation are associated with liver fibrosis among patients in South Africa
(BioMed Central, 2018-05-08)Background: Co-infection with HIV negatively impacts the progression of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, including causing rapid progression to liver fibrosis. Sub-Saharan Africa represents arguably the most ...
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Profiling Enterovirus and Parvovirus B19 in sudden and unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) at the Tygerberg Medico-legal Mortuary and the role of myocarditis as a possible cause of death
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)ENGLISH SUMMARY: Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains one of the leading causes of death among infants. The Triple-Risk Model has contributed to identifying modifiable risk factors that may lead to a ...
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Respiratory infections and immune biomarkers of infection and inflammation in cases of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) at the Tygerberg Medico-legal Mortuary
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)ENGLISH SUMMARY: infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of infant death in the post-neonatal stage in developing and developed countries. A diagnosis of SIDS is made after medico-legal investigations fail to ...
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HIV evolution and diversity in ART-treated patients
(BioMed Central, 2018-01-30)Characterizing HIV genetic diversity and evolution during antiretroviral therapy (ART) provides insights into the mechanisms that maintain the viral reservoir during ART. This review describes common methods used to obtain ...
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Prevalence and risk factors of acute respiratory infection by human respiratory syncytial virus in children at Provincial General Hospital of Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) is the major cause of acute respiratory infection in children (ARI) and it is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, especially in younger children. ...
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Biomedical research and capacity building : bilateral collaboration between research institutes in South Africa and Cameroon
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2016)No abstract available
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Moderate levels of pre-treatment HIV-1 antiretroviral drug resistance detected in the first South African national survey
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: In order to assess the level of transmitted and/or pre-treatment antiretroviral drug resistance to HIV-1, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that regular surveys are conducted. This study’s objective ...
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Analysis of viral diversity in relation to the recency of HIV-1C infection in Botswana
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: Cross-sectional, biomarker methods to determine HIV infection recency present a promising and cost-effective alternative to the repeated testing of uninfected individuals. We evaluate a viral-based assay ...
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Effects of prednisolone on disease progression in antiretroviral-untreated HIV infection : a 2-year randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: HIV-disease progression correlates with immune activation. Here we investigated whether corticosteroid treatment can attenuate HIV disease progression in antiretroviral-untreated patients. Methods: Double-blind, ...
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Mucus and mucins: do they have a role in the inhibition of the human immunodeficiency virus?
(BioMed Central, 2017-10-06)Background: Mucins are large O-linked glycosylated proteins which give mucus their gel-forming properties. There are indications that mucus and mucins in saliva, breast milk and in the cervical plug inhibit the human ...
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Highlights from the 3rd international HIV/viral hepatitis Co-infection meeting - HIV/viral hepatitis : improving diagnosis, antiviral therapy and access
(BioMed Central, 2017-04-20)The International AIDS Society convened the 3rd International HIV/Viral Hepatitis Co-Infection Meeting on 17 July 2016 as part of the pre-conference program preceding the 21st International AIDS Conference held in Durban, ...
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HIV-1C dynamics and evolutionary trends in Botswana
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12-09)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Introduction: HIV incidence estimates are critical for monitoring HIV transmission dynamics, and for design and evaluation of the impact of interventions. Biomarkers and assays for cross-sectional surveillance ...
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Blood dendritic cells in chronically HIV-1 infected individuals in South Africa: Phenotype, function and immune modulation
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT :HIV-1 infection detrimentally affects CD4 T lymphocytes as well as the blood plasmacytoid (pDC) and myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) compartment. DCs act as innate sensors and as initiators and directors ...
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Hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in South Africa: epidemiology and impact of HIV-1 co-infection and immune dysregulation
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Co-infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negatively impacts the natural progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, including causing rapid progression to liver fibrosis and ...
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Identifying recent HIV infections : from serological assays to genomics
(MDPI, 2015-10-23)In this paper, we review serological and molecular based methods to identify HIV infection recency. The accurate identification of recent HIV infection continues to be an important research area and has implications for ...
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History and origin of the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South Africa and the greater southern African region
(Nature, 2015-11-17)HIV has spread at an alarming rate in South Africa, making it the country with the highest number of HIV infections. Several studies have investigated the histories of HIV-1 subtype C epidemics but none have done so in ...
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HIV-1 diversity in an antiretroviral treatment naïve cohort from Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
(BioMed Central, 2015-02)Background South Africa has a generalized and explosive HIV/AIDS epidemic with the largest number of people infected with HIV-1 in the world. Molecular investigations of HIV-1 diversity can help enhance interventions ...
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Hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-exposed infants in the Western Cape, South Africa
(Elsevier, 2015-07)Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is a significant public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Universal infant vaccination with the hepatitis B (HB) vaccine has been implemented within the South African Expanded Programme ...
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The HIV/HBV co-infected patient : time for proactive management
(Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2015-02)Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects around 240 million people worldwide, with the highest prevalence of disease in Africa and Asia. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cancer in men in Africa, ...
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38 years after its discovery, Ebola virus spins out of control
(South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), 2014-09)The evolutionary origin of Ebolaviruses is not very clear. The simple notion that these viruses have been circulating for many millennia in wildlife in tropical parts of Africa, occasionally spilling over into human ...
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Rooting the phylogenetic tree of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by characterization of a conspecific virus from an African bat
(American Society for Microbiology, 2014-10)The emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes lethal respiratory infections mainly on the Arabian Peninsula. The evolutionary origins of MERS-CoV are unknown. We determined the full genome ...
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Novel arenavirus isolates from Namaqua rock mice, Namibia, Southern Africa
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2015-07)Arenaviruses are feared as agents that cause viral hemorrhagic fevers. We report the identification, isolation, and genetic characterization of 2 novel arenaviruses from Namaqua rock mice in Namibia. These findings extend ...
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Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in sub-Saharan Africa : time to act
(Elsevier, 2015-07)What few people thought possible little more than a decade ago is now reality: scientific and operational advances are greatly reducing the number of deaths from HIV. The number of infant infections has decreased by 58% ...
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Fas mediated(CD95L) periferal T-cell Apotosis marker in monitoring HIV-1 disease progression in adults in Yaoundé, Cameroon
(Science Publishing Group, 2016-03-22)sFas (CD95) / FasL are hallmarks of apoptosis involvement in pathogenesis of HIV. We assess changes in soluble Fas /FasL, CD4 % and HIV-1 viral load in patients prior to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and ...
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Evidence of co and triple infections of Hepatitis B and C amongst HIV infected pregnant women in Buea, Cameroon
(Science Publishing Group, 2016-03)Little epidermiological data is available on the prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B and C, Co-and or triple infection during pregnancy in Cameroon as well as many other resource limited settings. HIV and Hepatitis B and C are ...
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Diagnostic options for investigating viral respiratory pathogens in sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) cases
(JSciMed Central, 2014)Sudden and unexpected deaths in infants have occurred for centuries. It has generally been referred to as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). A new concept, called sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) was introduced ...
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T lymphocyte inhibitory/exhaustion marker expression in chronic HIV-1 infection and the impact of TB co-infection
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction Chronic HIV-1 infection is driven by inflammation and immune activation which ultimately induces T lymphocyte exhaustion. Co-infection with TB is problematic as the HIV-impaired immune system ...
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Prevalence and risks of Hepatitis E virus infection in blood donors from the Western Cape, South Africa
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of enterically transmitted acute hepatitis worldwide and is a locally acquired disease in both developing and developed nations. Different genotypes in these ...
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Investigating the fitness benefit of reverse transcriptase (RT) mutation A62V when co-occurring with M184V and K65R in HIV-1 subtype C
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background and Aims Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine (FTC) combined with efavirenz is the predominant first-line antiretroviral regimen in the Southern African ...
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Detection of transmission clusters of HIV-1 subtype C over a 21-year period in Cape Town, South Africa
(PLoS, 2014-10-30)Introduction: Despite recent breakthroughs in the fight against the HIV/AIDS epidemic within South Africa, the transmission of the virus continues at alarmingly high rates. It is possible, with the use of phylogenetic ...
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