Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
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The PREVENT study to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a community-based intervention to prevent childhood tuberculosis in Lesotho : study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
(BioMed Central, 2017-11-21)Background: Effective, evidence-based interventions to prevent childhood tuberculosis (TB) in high TB/HIV-burden, resource-limited settings are urgently needed. There is limited implementation of evidence-based contact ...
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Tuberculous meningitis in infants and children : insights from nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics
(Academy of Science of South Africa, 2016-03)Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a prevalent form of central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) and the most severe common form of bacterial meningitis in infants and children below the age of 13 years, especially in the ...
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Intracranial complications of Serratia marcescens infection in neonates
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2016)Even though Serratia marcescens is not one of the most common causes of infection in neonates, it is associated with grave morbidity and mortality. We describe the evolution of brain parenchymal affectation observed in ...
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Socioeconomic factors associated with asthma prevalence and severity among children living in low-income South African communities
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2016)Background. Rates of asthma, poverty and social deprivation are high among young people in South Africa (SA), yet asthma interventions largely remain focused on biomedical factors. Objective. To investigate associations ...
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Burkitt’s lymphoma patients in Northwest Cameroon have a lower incidence of sickle cell trait (Hb AS) than healthy controls
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2016)Contradictory findings have been reported from Africa with regard to the risk of developing Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) in sickle cell trait (AS) carriers. Haemoglobin electrophoresis was performed in 78 BL patients in the ...
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Tuberculosis disease during pregnancy and treatment outcomes in HIV-infected and uninfected women at a referral hospital in Cape Town
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: Tuberculosis during pregnancy and treatment outcomes are poorly defined in high prevalence tuberculosis and HIV settings. Methods: A prospective cohort study of pregnant and postpartum women identified ...
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Low vitamin-D levels combined with PKP3-SIGIRR-TMEM16J host variants is associated with tuberculosis and death in HIV-infected and -exposed infants
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: This study examined the associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and specific host genetic variants that affect vitamin D levels or its effects on immune function, with the risk of TB or mortality in children. ...
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Pattern of infectious morbidity in HIV-exposed uninfected infants and children
(Frontiers Media, 2016)Background: Almost 30% of children in Southern Africa are HIV exposed but uninfected (HEU) and experience exposures that could increase vulnerability to infectious diseases compared to HIV unexposed (HU) children. The ...
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Optimizing research methods to understand HIV-exposed uninfected infant and child morbidity : report of the second HEU infant and child workshop
(Frontiers Media, 2016)The first HIV Exposed Uninfected (HEU) Infant and Child Workshop was held in Vancouver in July 2015, hosted by the Child and Family Research Institute at the British Columbia Children’s Hospital and University of British ...
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The association of hyperglycaemia with prevalent tuberculosis : a population-based cross-sectional study
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: Systematic reviews suggest that the incidence of diagnosed tuberculosis is two- to- three times higher in those with diabetes mellitus than in those without. Few studies have previously reported the ...
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Cerebrospinal fluid in tuberculous meningitis exhibits only the L-enantiomer of lactic acid
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: The defining feature of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from infants and children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM), derived from an earlier untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics study, ...
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Missed opportunities of inclusion in a cohort of HIV-infected children to initiate antiretroviral treatment before the age of two in West Africa, 2011 to 2013
(International AIDS Society, 2016-03-23)Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 guidelines recommended to treat all HIV-infected children less than two years of age. We described the inclusion process and its correlates of HIV-infected children ...
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Informing curriculum development in health sciences
(Publisher's version, 2011)INTRODUCTION: The education of future medical professionals has to ensure that their knowledge and skills are relevant to the health care needs of their future patients, in a context of continuous change of society, science, ...
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The role of traditional healers in the diagnosis and management of Burkitt lymphoma in Cameroon : understanding the challenges and moving forward
(BioMed Central, 2017-04-11)Background Burkittlymphoma(BL) is the most common childhood cancer in Cameroon with a reported incidence of 3 per 100,000 children under 15 years in the Northwest region. Treatment at three Baptist mission hospitals has ...
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Symptom screening rules to identify active pulmonary tuberculosis : findings from the Zambian South African Tuberculosis and HIV/ AIDS Reduction (ZAMSTAR) trial prevalence surveys
(Public Library of Science, 2017-03-03)Background: High tuberculosis (TB) burden countries should consider systematic screening among adults in the general population. We identified symptom screening rules to be used in addition to cough ≥2 weeks, in a context ...
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Incomplete childhood immunization in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors
(BioMed Central, 2017-03)ENGLISH SUMMARY : Background: Under-five mortality remains high in sub-Saharan Africa despite global decline. One quarter of these deaths are preventable through interventions such as immunization. The aim of this study ...
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Evaluating the impact of an Xpert® MTB/RIF- based TB diagnostic algorithm in a routine operational setting in Cape Town
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03)ENGLISH SUMMARY: Decades of reliance on slow, inaccurate diagnostic tests have contributed to poor case detection and impeded tuberculosis (TB) control efforts globally. The development of an accurate, rapid molecular ...
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Integrated management of childhood illness indicators of childhood tuberculous meningitis at a tertiary hospital in the Western Cape Province of South Africa
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : BACKGROUND: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common type of bacterial meningitis in the Western Cape of South Africa. Early clinical diagnosis is notoriously difficult and often delayed, with ...
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Determinants of healthcare-associated infection among hospitalized children
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03)ENGLISH SUMMARY: Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is the most frequent complication of hospitalization resulting in suffering, excess mortality and increased healthcare costs. Although paediatric HAI burden and impact ...
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Socioeconomic factors associated with asthma prevalence and severity among children living in low-income South African communities
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2016-03-09)Background. Rates of asthma, poverty and social deprivation are high among young people in South Africa (SA), yet asthma interventions largely remain focused on biomedical factors. Objective. To investigate associations ...
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Children with disabling chronic conditions in the Western health subdistrict of Cape Town, South Africa : estimating numbers and service gaps
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2016-02-22)Background. Children with disabling chronic conditions often have extensive, complex and unmet healthcare and educational needs. They can be defined as a subset of the group of children with chronic health conditions whose ...
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Missing HIV prevention opportunities in South African children – A 7-year review
(BioMed Central, 2014-12-13)Background: The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program in South Africa is now successful in ensuring HIV-free survival for most HIV-exposed children, but gaps in PMTCT coverage remain. The study ...
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It’s complicated : why do tuberculosis patients not initiate or stay adherent to treatment? a qualitative study from South Africa
(BioMed Central, 2016-11-25)Background: Individuals who test positive for active tuberculosis (TB) but do not initiate treatment present a challenge to TB programmes because they contribute to ongoing transmission within communities. To better understand ...
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Drug-resistant tuberculosis and advances in the treatment of childhood tuberculosis
(BioMed Central, 2016-11-24)Over the last 10 years, interest in pediatric tuberculosis (TB) has increased dramatically, together with increased funding and research. We have a better understanding of the burden of childhood TB as well as a better ...
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Central line-associated bloodstream infections in a resource-limited South African neonatal intensive care unit
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12)ENGLISH SUMMARY: Background: The rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in South African public sector neonatal intensive care units (NICU) is unknown. Tygerberg Children’s Hospital (TCH) introduced ...
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The role op lumbar puncture in young infants with seizures and fever in a resource-constrained setting
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12)ENGLISH SUMMARY: Background Differentiating febrile seizures from serious infections like bacterial meningitis is essential but remains a clinical dilemma for many clinicians. This has lead to local guidelines advocating ...
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The cost effectiveness of treating paediatric cancer in South Africa: a review of treatment cost for Burkitt Lymphoma
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12)ENGLISH SUMMARY: Background In middle and low income countries, childhood cancer is rare when compared to trauma and infectious diseases. There is a paucity of literature regarding the cost and cost-effectiveness of ...
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The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and presumed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children at Tygerberg Hospital
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12)ENGLISH SUMMARY: Introduction: The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is increasing worldwide, including in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Childhood obesity is also associated with conditions like ...
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A retrospective review of paediatric cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a South African tertiary hospital
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12)ENGLISH SUMMARY: Introduction: Paediatric cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare complication associated with many underlying illnesses. It often results in severe neurological complications, which can be ...
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Is hyponatremia in neonates with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopaty who underwent therapeutic hypothermia associated with poor neuro-developmental outcome at 12 months of ages?
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12)ENGLISH SUMMARY: Introduction Perinatal asphyxia occurs at an incidence of 1-2% per live births in developed countries, and much higher in developing countries. The main consequence of significant perinatal asphyxia is ...
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