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Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
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Obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with previous tuberculosis : pathophysiology of a community-based cohort
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Background. An association between chronic airflow limitation (CAL) and a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has been confirmed in epidemiological studies, but the mechanisms responsible for this association are ... -
A framework for preventing healthcare-associated infection in neonates and children in South Africa
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is a frequent and serious complication affecting 4 - 8% of hospitalised children and neonates in high-income countries. The burden of HAI in South African (SA) paediatric and neonatal ... -
Targeting mothers and selling men what they do not want : a response to "Missed opportunities for circumcision of boys"
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)No abstract available -
Child contact management in high tuberculosis burden countries : a mixed-methods systematic review
(Public Library of Science, 2017-03-08)ENGLISH Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Considering the World Health Organization recommendation to implement child contact management (CCM) for TB, we conducted a ... -
Effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in South African children : a case-control study
(Elsevier, 2017-01-27)Background: The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was designed to include disease-causing serotypes that are important in low-income and middle-income countries. Vaccine eff ectiveness estimates are scarce in ... -
Where do HIV-infected adolescents go after transfer? – Tracking transition/transfer of HIV-infected adolescents using linkage of cohort data to a health information system platform
(Wiley Open Access, 2017)Introduction: To evaluate long-term outcomes in HIV-infected adolescents, it is important to identify ways of tracking outcomes after transfer to a different health facility. The Department of Health (DoH) in the Western ... -
Cross‐cultural assessment of HIV‐associated cognitive impairment using the Kaufman assessment battery for children : a systematic review
(Wiley Open Access, 2017)Introduction: Despite improved efficacy of, and access to, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV‐associated cognitive impairments remain prevalent in both children and adults. Neuropsychological tests that detect ... -
No evidence of HIV replication in children on antiretroviral therapy
(American Society for Clinical Investigation, 2017-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It remains controversial whether current antiretroviral therapy (ART) fully suppresses the cycles of HIV replication and viral evolution in vivo. If replication persists in sanctuary sites such as the ... -
Anti-Group B Streptococcus antibody in infants born to mothers with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
(Elsevier, 2015-01-29)Background: HIV-exposed uninfected infants have increased infection risk and mortality compared to HIV-unexposed infants. HIV-exposed infants may be at increased risk of invasive GBS disease due to reduced maternal antibody ... -
Pediatric multidrug-resistant tuberculosis clinical trials : challenges and opportunities
(Published by Elsevier on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2017)On June 17, 2016, RESIST-TB, IMPAACT, Vital Strategies, and New Ventures jointly hosted the Pediatric Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Clinical Trials Landscape Meeting in Arlington, Virginia, USA. The meeting provided ... -
Infectious disease exposures and outbreaks at a South African neonatal unit with review of neonatal outbreak epidemiology in Africa
(Elsevier, 2017)Background: Hospitalized neonates are vulnerable to infection, with pathogen exposures occurring in utero, intrapartum, and postnatally. African neonatal units are at high risk of outbreaks owing to overcrowding, ... -
Cerebrospinal fluid amino acid profiling of pediatric cases with tuberculous meningitis
(Frontiers Media, 2017)Background: In Africa, tuberculosis is generally regarded as persisting as one of the most devastating infectious diseases. The pediatric population is particularly vulnerable, with infection of the brain in the form of ... -
White matter abnormalities in children with HIV infection and exposure
(Frontiers Media, 2017)Background: Due to changes in guidelines and access to treatment, more children start combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in infancy. With few studies examining the long-term effects of perinatal HIV infection and ... -
Larger subcortical gray matter structures and smaller corpora callosa at age 5 years in HIV infected children on early ART
(Frontiers Media, 2017)Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 90% of HIV infected (HIV+) children. Since the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV/AIDS has transitioned to a chronic condition where central nervous system (CNS) damage may be ongoing. ... -
Why healthcare workers are sick of TB
(Elsevier, 2015)Dr Thato Mosidi never expected to be diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB), despite widely prevalent exposure and very limited infection control measures. The life-threatening diagnosis of primary extensively drug-resistant TB ... -
Paediatric antimicrobial use at a South African hospital
(Elsevier, 2018)Background: Data on antimicrobial use among hospitalized children in Africa are very limited due to the absence of electronic prescription tracking. Methods: This study evaluated antimicrobial consumption rates, the ... -
Impact of pulsed xenon ultraviolet disinfection on surface contamination in a hospital facility’s expressed human milk feed preparation area
(BioMed Central, 2018-02-23)Background; Expressed human milk (EHM) feed preparation areas represent a potential source of unintentional nosocomial infection. Daily disinfection of environmental surfaces remains an essential intervention to mitigate ... -
Factors influencing access of pregnant women and their infants to their local healthcare system : a prospective, multi-centre, observational study
(BioMed Central, 2018-01-15)Background: The successful implementation of maternal vaccination relies on results of clinical trials, considering the prenatal and postnatal attendance at selected healthcare institutions. This study evaluated factors ... -
The PREVENT study to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a community-based intervention to prevent childhood tuberculosis in Lesotho : study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
(BioMed Central, 2017-11-21)Background: Effective, evidence-based interventions to prevent childhood tuberculosis (TB) in high TB/HIV-burden, resource-limited settings are urgently needed. There is limited implementation of evidence-based contact ... -
CMV viral load as a predictor of the clinical course of CMV-associated pneumonia in hiv infected and uninfected infants
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-12)Background Lower respiratory tract infections is one of the leading causes of death in children under 5 years of age. In the advent of HIV, much of these lower respiratory tract infections are attributed to opportunistic ...
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