Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
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Recent Submissions
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Anti-Group B Streptococcus antibody in infants born to mothers with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
(Elsevier, 2015-01-29)Background: HIV-exposed uninfected infants have increased infection risk and mortality compared to HIV-unexposed infants. HIV-exposed infants may be at increased risk of invasive GBS disease due to reduced maternal antibody ...
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Pediatric multidrug-resistant tuberculosis clinical trials : challenges and opportunities
(Published by Elsevier on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2017)On June 17, 2016, RESIST-TB, IMPAACT, Vital Strategies, and New Ventures jointly hosted the Pediatric Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Clinical Trials Landscape Meeting in Arlington, Virginia, USA. The meeting provided ...
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Infectious disease exposures and outbreaks at a South African neonatal unit with review of neonatal outbreak epidemiology in Africa
(Elsevier, 2017)Background: Hospitalized neonates are vulnerable to infection, with pathogen exposures occurring in utero, intrapartum, and postnatally. African neonatal units are at high risk of outbreaks owing to overcrowding, ...
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Cerebrospinal fluid amino acid profiling of pediatric cases with tuberculous meningitis
(Frontiers Media, 2017)Background: In Africa, tuberculosis is generally regarded as persisting as one of the most devastating infectious diseases. The pediatric population is particularly vulnerable, with infection of the brain in the form of ...
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White matter abnormalities in children with HIV infection and exposure
(Frontiers Media, 2017)Background: Due to changes in guidelines and access to treatment, more children start combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in infancy. With few studies examining the long-term effects of perinatal HIV infection and ...
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Larger subcortical gray matter structures and smaller corpora callosa at age 5 years in HIV infected children on early ART
(Frontiers Media, 2017)Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 90% of HIV infected (HIV+) children. Since the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV/AIDS has transitioned to a chronic condition where central nervous system (CNS) damage may be ongoing. ...
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Why healthcare workers are sick of TB
(Elsevier, 2015)Dr Thato Mosidi never expected to be diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB), despite widely prevalent exposure and very limited infection control measures. The life-threatening diagnosis of primary extensively drug-resistant TB ...
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Paediatric antimicrobial use at a South African hospital
(Elsevier, 2018)Background: Data on antimicrobial use among hospitalized children in Africa are very limited due to the absence of electronic prescription tracking. Methods: This study evaluated antimicrobial consumption rates, the ...
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Impact of pulsed xenon ultraviolet disinfection on surface contamination in a hospital facility’s expressed human milk feed preparation area
(BioMed Central, 2018-02-23)Background; Expressed human milk (EHM) feed preparation areas represent a potential source of unintentional nosocomial infection. Daily disinfection of environmental surfaces remains an essential intervention to mitigate ...
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Factors influencing access of pregnant women and their infants to their local healthcare system : a prospective, multi-centre, observational study
(BioMed Central, 2018-01-15)Background: The successful implementation of maternal vaccination relies on results of clinical trials, considering the prenatal and postnatal attendance at selected healthcare institutions. This study evaluated factors ...
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The PREVENT study to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a community-based intervention to prevent childhood tuberculosis in Lesotho : study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
(BioMed Central, 2017-11-21)Background: Effective, evidence-based interventions to prevent childhood tuberculosis (TB) in high TB/HIV-burden, resource-limited settings are urgently needed. There is limited implementation of evidence-based contact ...
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CMV viral load as a predictor of the clinical course of CMV-associated pneumonia in hiv infected and uninfected infants
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-12)Background Lower respiratory tract infections is one of the leading causes of death in children under 5 years of age. In the advent of HIV, much of these lower respiratory tract infections are attributed to opportunistic ...
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Tuberculous meningitis in infants and children : insights from nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics
(Academy of Science of South Africa, 2016-03)Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a prevalent form of central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) and the most severe common form of bacterial meningitis in infants and children below the age of 13 years, especially in the ...
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The impact of a change in referral pathway on a paediatric short-stay ward in Cape Town, South Africa
(Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2016)Background. The opening of the new Khayelitsha District Hospital in April 2012 coincided with a change in referral pathway to Tygerberg Hospital (TBH) for children requiring specialist care. Objective. To determine the ...
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Intracranial complications of Serratia marcescens infection in neonates
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2016)Even though Serratia marcescens is not one of the most common causes of infection in neonates, it is associated with grave morbidity and mortality. We describe the evolution of brain parenchymal affectation observed in ...
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Socioeconomic factors associated with asthma prevalence and severity among children living in low-income South African communities
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2016)Background. Rates of asthma, poverty and social deprivation are high among young people in South Africa (SA), yet asthma interventions largely remain focused on biomedical factors. Objective. To investigate associations ...
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Burkitt’s lymphoma patients in Northwest Cameroon have a lower incidence of sickle cell trait (Hb AS) than healthy controls
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2016)Contradictory findings have been reported from Africa with regard to the risk of developing Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) in sickle cell trait (AS) carriers. Haemoglobin electrophoresis was performed in 78 BL patients in the ...
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Tuberculosis disease during pregnancy and treatment outcomes in HIV-infected and uninfected women at a referral hospital in Cape Town
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: Tuberculosis during pregnancy and treatment outcomes are poorly defined in high prevalence tuberculosis and HIV settings. Methods: A prospective cohort study of pregnant and postpartum women identified ...
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Low vitamin-D levels combined with PKP3-SIGIRR-TMEM16J host variants is associated with tuberculosis and death in HIV-infected and -exposed infants
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: This study examined the associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and specific host genetic variants that affect vitamin D levels or its effects on immune function, with the risk of TB or mortality in children. ...
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Pattern of infectious morbidity in HIV-exposed uninfected infants and children
(Frontiers Media, 2016)Background: Almost 30% of children in Southern Africa are HIV exposed but uninfected (HEU) and experience exposures that could increase vulnerability to infectious diseases compared to HIV unexposed (HU) children. The ...
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Optimizing research methods to understand HIV-exposed uninfected infant and child morbidity : report of the second HEU infant and child workshop
(Frontiers Media, 2016)The first HIV Exposed Uninfected (HEU) Infant and Child Workshop was held in Vancouver in July 2015, hosted by the Child and Family Research Institute at the British Columbia Children’s Hospital and University of British ...
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The association of hyperglycaemia with prevalent tuberculosis : a population-based cross-sectional study
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: Systematic reviews suggest that the incidence of diagnosed tuberculosis is two- to- three times higher in those with diabetes mellitus than in those without. Few studies have previously reported the ...
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Cerebrospinal fluid in tuberculous meningitis exhibits only the L-enantiomer of lactic acid
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: The defining feature of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from infants and children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM), derived from an earlier untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics study, ...
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Missed opportunities of inclusion in a cohort of HIV-infected children to initiate antiretroviral treatment before the age of two in West Africa, 2011 to 2013
(International AIDS Society, 2016-03-23)Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 guidelines recommended to treat all HIV-infected children less than two years of age. We described the inclusion process and its correlates of HIV-infected children ...
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Informing curriculum development in health sciences
(AFRICAN SUN MeDIA, 2011)INTRODUCTION: The education of future medical professionals has to ensure that their knowledge and skills are relevant to the health care needs of their future patients, in a context of continuous change of society, science, ...
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The role of traditional healers in the diagnosis and management of Burkitt lymphoma in Cameroon : understanding the challenges and moving forward
(BioMed Central, 2017-04-11)Background Burkittlymphoma(BL) is the most common childhood cancer in Cameroon with a reported incidence of 3 per 100,000 children under 15 years in the Northwest region. Treatment at three Baptist mission hospitals has ...
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Symptom screening rules to identify active pulmonary tuberculosis : findings from the Zambian South African Tuberculosis and HIV/ AIDS Reduction (ZAMSTAR) trial prevalence surveys
(Public Library of Science, 2017-03-03)Background: High tuberculosis (TB) burden countries should consider systematic screening among adults in the general population. We identified symptom screening rules to be used in addition to cough ≥2 weeks, in a context ...
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Incomplete childhood immunization in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors
(BioMed Central, 2017-03)ENGLISH SUMMARY : Background: Under-five mortality remains high in sub-Saharan Africa despite global decline. One quarter of these deaths are preventable through interventions such as immunization. The aim of this study ...
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Evaluating the impact of an Xpert® MTB/RIF- based TB diagnostic algorithm in a routine operational setting in Cape Town
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03)ENGLISH SUMMARY: Decades of reliance on slow, inaccurate diagnostic tests have contributed to poor case detection and impeded tuberculosis (TB) control efforts globally. The development of an accurate, rapid molecular ...
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Integrated management of childhood illness indicators of childhood tuberculous meningitis at a tertiary hospital in the Western Cape Province of South Africa
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : BACKGROUND: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common type of bacterial meningitis in the Western Cape of South Africa. Early clinical diagnosis is notoriously difficult and often delayed, with ...
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