Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
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Central-line-associated bloodstream infections in a resource-limited South African neonatal intensive care unit
(Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Background. The rate of central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in South African (SA) public sector neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is unknown. Tygerberg Children’s Hospital (TCH), Cape Town, introduced ... -
A universal testing and treatment intervention to improve HIV control : one-year results from intervention communities in Zambia in the HPTN 071 (PopART) cluster-randomised trial
(Public Library of Science, 2017)Background: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets require that, by 2020, 90% of those living with HIV know their status, 90% of known HIV-positive individuals receive sustained antiretroviral ... -
When students become patients : TB disease among medical undergraduates in Cape Town, South Africa
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Background. Medical students acquire latent tuberculosis (TB) infection at a rate of 23 cases/100 person-years. The frequency and impact of occupational TB disease in this population are unknown. Methods. A self-administered ... -
Obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with previous tuberculosis : pathophysiology of a community-based cohort
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Background. An association between chronic airflow limitation (CAL) and a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has been confirmed in epidemiological studies, but the mechanisms responsible for this association are ... -
A framework for preventing healthcare-associated infection in neonates and children in South Africa
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is a frequent and serious complication affecting 4 - 8% of hospitalised children and neonates in high-income countries. The burden of HAI in South African (SA) paediatric and neonatal ... -
Targeting mothers and selling men what they do not want : a response to "Missed opportunities for circumcision of boys"
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)No abstract available -
Child contact management in high tuberculosis burden countries : a mixed-methods systematic review
(Public Library of Science, 2017-03-08)ENGLISH Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Considering the World Health Organization recommendation to implement child contact management (CCM) for TB, we conducted a ... -
Effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in South African children : a case-control study
(Elsevier, 2017-01-27)Background: The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was designed to include disease-causing serotypes that are important in low-income and middle-income countries. Vaccine eff ectiveness estimates are scarce in ... -
Where do HIV-infected adolescents go after transfer? – Tracking transition/transfer of HIV-infected adolescents using linkage of cohort data to a health information system platform
(Wiley Open Access, 2017)Introduction: To evaluate long-term outcomes in HIV-infected adolescents, it is important to identify ways of tracking outcomes after transfer to a different health facility. The Department of Health (DoH) in the Western ... -
Cross‐cultural assessment of HIV‐associated cognitive impairment using the Kaufman assessment battery for children : a systematic review
(Wiley Open Access, 2017)Introduction: Despite improved efficacy of, and access to, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV‐associated cognitive impairments remain prevalent in both children and adults. Neuropsychological tests that detect ... -
No evidence of HIV replication in children on antiretroviral therapy
(American Society for Clinical Investigation, 2017-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It remains controversial whether current antiretroviral therapy (ART) fully suppresses the cycles of HIV replication and viral evolution in vivo. If replication persists in sanctuary sites such as the ... -
Addressing critical knowledge gaps to improve and shorten multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment regimens in children
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB), defined as TB disease or infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with resistance to at least both isoniazid and rifampicin, threatens global TB ... -
Innovative strategies to improve the diagnosis of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Paediatric tuberculosis (TB) contributes approximately 10% of the global TB burden, with over one million estimated new cases and 253,000 TB-related deaths in children during 2016. Paediatric TB is a ... -
Thymic output and CD4 T-cell reconstitution in HIV-infected children on early and interrupted antiretroviral treatment : evidence from the children with HIV early antiretroviral therapy trial
(Frontiers, 2017-09)Objectives: Early treatment of HIV-infected children and adults is important for optimal immune reconstitution. Infants’ immune systems are more plastic and dynamic than older children’s or adults’, and deserve particular ... -
The recombinant bacille Calmette–Guerin vaccine VPM1002 : ready for clinical efficacy testing
(Frontiers, 2017-09)The only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), protects against severe extrapulmonary forms of TB but is virtually ineffective against the most prevalent form of the disease, pulmonary ... -
Anti-Group B Streptococcus antibody in infants born to mothers with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
(Elsevier, 2015-01-29)Background: HIV-exposed uninfected infants have increased infection risk and mortality compared to HIV-unexposed infants. HIV-exposed infants may be at increased risk of invasive GBS disease due to reduced maternal antibody ... -
Pediatric multidrug-resistant tuberculosis clinical trials : challenges and opportunities
(Published by Elsevier on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2017)On June 17, 2016, RESIST-TB, IMPAACT, Vital Strategies, and New Ventures jointly hosted the Pediatric Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Clinical Trials Landscape Meeting in Arlington, Virginia, USA. The meeting provided ... -
Infectious disease exposures and outbreaks at a South African neonatal unit with review of neonatal outbreak epidemiology in Africa
(Elsevier, 2017)Background: Hospitalized neonates are vulnerable to infection, with pathogen exposures occurring in utero, intrapartum, and postnatally. African neonatal units are at high risk of outbreaks owing to overcrowding, ... -
Cerebrospinal fluid amino acid profiling of pediatric cases with tuberculous meningitis
(Frontiers Media, 2017)Background: In Africa, tuberculosis is generally regarded as persisting as one of the most devastating infectious diseases. The pediatric population is particularly vulnerable, with infection of the brain in the form of ... -
White matter abnormalities in children with HIV infection and exposure
(Frontiers Media, 2017)Background: Due to changes in guidelines and access to treatment, more children start combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in infancy. With few studies examining the long-term effects of perinatal HIV infection and ...
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