Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
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Central-line-associated bloodstream infections in a resource-limited South African neonatal intensive care unit
(Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Background. The rate of central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in South African (SA) public sector neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is unknown. Tygerberg Children’s Hospital (TCH), Cape Town, introduced ... -
Longitudinal increases of brain metabolite levels in 5-10 year old children
(Public Library of Science, 2017)Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies reveal significant changes in brain structure and structural networks that occur together with cognitive and behavioral maturation ... -
A universal testing and treatment intervention to improve HIV control : one-year results from intervention communities in Zambia in the HPTN 071 (PopART) cluster-randomised trial
(Public Library of Science, 2017)Background: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets require that, by 2020, 90% of those living with HIV know their status, 90% of known HIV-positive individuals receive sustained antiretroviral ... -
A cross-sectional descriptive study of breastfeeding behaviour and galactogogue use among private-sector patients in Cape Town, South Africa
(Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2017-05)Background. Failure to exclusively breastfeed is often caused by a perception of insufficient breastmilk supply. Galactogogues are frequently prescribed in these circumstances, but this is supported by sparse scientific ... -
Surveillance of healthcare-associated infection in hospitalised South African children : Which method performs best?
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Background. In 2012, the South African (SA) National Department of Health mandated surveillance of healthcare-associated infection (HAI), but made no recommendations of appropriate surveillance methods. Methods. Prospective ... -
When students become patients : TB disease among medical undergraduates in Cape Town, South Africa
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Background. Medical students acquire latent tuberculosis (TB) infection at a rate of 23 cases/100 person-years. The frequency and impact of occupational TB disease in this population are unknown. Methods. A self-administered ... -
Obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with previous tuberculosis : pathophysiology of a community-based cohort
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Background. An association between chronic airflow limitation (CAL) and a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has been confirmed in epidemiological studies, but the mechanisms responsible for this association are ... -
Kaposi’s sarcoma : good outcome with doxorubicin, bleomycin and vincristine sulphate (ABV) chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)There is little published information on effective treatment of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) in children in low-income countries. We prospectively treated 12 patients with an institutional review board-approved protocol consisting ... -
A framework for preventing healthcare-associated infection in neonates and children in South Africa
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is a frequent and serious complication affecting 4 - 8% of hospitalised children and neonates in high-income countries. The burden of HAI in South African (SA) paediatric and neonatal ... -
Targeting mothers and selling men what they do not want : a response to "Missed opportunities for circumcision of boys"
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)No abstract available -
Immunisation coverage in the rural Eastern Cape – are we getting the basics of primary care right? results from a longitudinal prospective cohort study
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017-01)Background. Immunisations are one of the most cost-effective public health interventions available and South Africa (SA) has implemented a comprehensive immunisation schedule. However, there is disagreement about the level ... -
Child contact management in high tuberculosis burden countries : a mixed-methods systematic review
(Public Library of Science, 2017-03-08)ENGLISH Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Considering the World Health Organization recommendation to implement child contact management (CCM) for TB, we conducted a ... -
Effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in South African children : a case-control study
(Elsevier, 2017-01-27)Background: The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was designed to include disease-causing serotypes that are important in low-income and middle-income countries. Vaccine eff ectiveness estimates are scarce in ... -
Where do HIV-infected adolescents go after transfer? – Tracking transition/transfer of HIV-infected adolescents using linkage of cohort data to a health information system platform
(Wiley Open Access, 2017)Introduction: To evaluate long-term outcomes in HIV-infected adolescents, it is important to identify ways of tracking outcomes after transfer to a different health facility. The Department of Health (DoH) in the Western ... -
Cross‐cultural assessment of HIV‐associated cognitive impairment using the Kaufman assessment battery for children : a systematic review
(Wiley Open Access, 2017)Introduction: Despite improved efficacy of, and access to, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV‐associated cognitive impairments remain prevalent in both children and adults. Neuropsychological tests that detect ... -
No evidence of HIV replication in children on antiretroviral therapy
(American Society for Clinical Investigation, 2017-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It remains controversial whether current antiretroviral therapy (ART) fully suppresses the cycles of HIV replication and viral evolution in vivo. If replication persists in sanctuary sites such as the ... -
Addressing critical knowledge gaps to improve and shorten multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment regimens in children
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB), defined as TB disease or infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with resistance to at least both isoniazid and rifampicin, threatens global TB ... -
Innovative strategies to improve the diagnosis of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Paediatric tuberculosis (TB) contributes approximately 10% of the global TB burden, with over one million estimated new cases and 253,000 TB-related deaths in children during 2016. Paediatric TB is a ... -
Thymic output and CD4 T-cell reconstitution in HIV-infected children on early and interrupted antiretroviral treatment : evidence from the children with HIV early antiretroviral therapy trial
(Frontiers, 2017-09)Objectives: Early treatment of HIV-infected children and adults is important for optimal immune reconstitution. Infants’ immune systems are more plastic and dynamic than older children’s or adults’, and deserve particular ... -
The recombinant bacille Calmette–Guerin vaccine VPM1002 : ready for clinical efficacy testing
(Frontiers, 2017-09)The only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), protects against severe extrapulmonary forms of TB but is virtually ineffective against the most prevalent form of the disease, pulmonary ...
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