Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
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Recent Submissions
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The association between the ratio of monocytes : lymphocytes at age 3 months and risk of tuberculosis (TB) in the first two years of life
(BioMed Central, 2014-07-17)Background: Recent transcriptomic studies revived a hypothesis suggested by historical studies in rabbits that the ratio of peripheral blood monocytes to lymphocytes (ML) is associated with risk of tuberculosis (TB) ...
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Trends in paediatric bloodstream infections at a South African referral hospital
(BioMed Central, 2015-04)Background: The epidemiology of paediatric bloodstream infection (BSI) in Sub-Saharan Africa is poorly documented with limited data on hospital-acquired sepsis, impact of HIV infection, BSI trends and antimicrobial ...
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Utilization of paediatric isolation facilities in a TB-endemic setting
(BioMed Central, 2015-09)Introduction: In hospital settings, patient isolation is used to limit transmission of certain pathogens (e.g. M. tuberculosis [TB], antibiotic-resistant bacteria and viruses causing respiratory and enteric infection). ...
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Novel application of NIH case definitions in a paediatric tuberculosis contact investigation study
(International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2015-04)BACKGROUND: International (National Institutes of Health [NIH]) case definitions have been proposed for paediatric tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic studies. The relevance of these definitions for contact tracing studies is ...
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Early severe HIV disease precedes early antiretroviral therapy in infants : are we too late?
(International AIDS Society, 2014-06)Objective: To describe the degree of HIV disease progression in infants initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) by three months of age in a programmatic setting in South Africa. Design: This was a programmatic cohort ...
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Comparing tuberculosis diagnostic yield in smear/culture and xpert MTB/RIF-based algorithms using a non-randomised stepped-wedge design
(Public Library of Science, 2016-03)Setting Primary health services in Cape Town, South Africa. Study Aim To compare tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic yield in an existing smear/culture-based and a newly introduced Xpert MTB/RIF-based algorithm. Methods TB ...
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Paediatric ART outcomes in a decentralised model of care in Cape Town, South Africa
(AOSIS Publishing, 2014-01-05)Background. Although subSaharan Africa faces the world’s largest paediatric HIV epidemic, only 1 in 4 children has access to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). A decentralised approach to HIV care is advocated, but ...
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Observed full blood count and lymphocyte subset values in a cohort of clinically healthy South African children from a semi-informal settlement in Cape Town
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2015-09)Background. The paediatric full blood count and lymphocyte subset reference intervals used by the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), South Africa (SA), are taken from two international reference interval publications. ...
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Social and contextual factors affecting HIV-infected women’s feeding practices for their infants in normal practice settings : effects on growth and morbidity
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: the significant reduction in HIV transmission through breastfeeding by antiretroviral treatment guided the current recommendations favouring breastfeeding which has to be continued until 12 months of ...
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The cost of nephroblastoma treatment in South Africa : a very cost-effective investment with guidelines for the rest of Africa
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2014-11-13)Background. Nephroblastoma is one of the most common childhood malignancies in Africa, but with a survival rate significantly lower than in developed countries. In African countries with a small gross domestic product (GDP) ...
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Childhood cancer survival rates in two South African units
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2014-07)Introduction. Childhood cancer is relatively rare, but there is a very good chance of cure. While overall survival rates of >70% are reported from developed countries, survival is much less likely in developing countries ...
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Retinoblastoma outcome at a single institution in South Africa
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2014-12)Introduction. Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common eye cancer in children. Early detection is necessary for cure. Objective. To compare stage and outcome of children with RB treated at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South ...
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Antiretroviral therapy for the management of HIV in children
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2014-12)Since 2004, when antiretroviral therapy (ART) was first available to children through the National Department of Health, there has been significant progress in preventing and treating paediatric HIV. Large cohort studies ...
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Education and specialist referral of patients with atopic dermatitis
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2014-10)Educating patients with atopic dermatitis is an essential and necessary part of therapy and particularly important when young children are involved. Quality of life is seriously impaired if patients or their carers do not ...
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Bronchoscopic assessment and management of children presenting with clinically significant airway obstruction due to tuberculosis
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis (TB) in children is a common infectious disease in the world affecting approximately 550 000 children annually and contributing to approximately 10-15% of the TB caseload. The estimate is ...
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Childhood tuberculous meningitis : challenging current management strategies
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) continues to be an important cause of mortality and neurological disability in resource-limited countries. Many questions remain about the best approaches to prevent, diagnose, ...
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When to start antiretroviral therapy in infants and children
(AOSIS OpenJournals, 2009-12)This articles provides a background for antiretroviral therapy in infants and children, incorporating both old and new data. There is increasing data favouring early therapy for all age groups. Below a year of age, all ...
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Characteristics of clients who access mobile compared to clinic HIV counselling and testing services : a matched study from Cape Town, South Africa
(BioMed Central, 2014-12)Background: Studies within sub-Saharan African countries have shown that mobile services increase uptake of HIV counselling and testing (HCT) services when compared to clinics and are able to access different ...
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Assessing the impact of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children : an exploratory qualitative study
(BioMed Central, 2014-08)Background: While the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) is high among children in the Western Cape of South Africa, the psychosocial implications of treatment for children with MDR-TB remain ...
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Burkitt lymphoma : epidemiological features and survival in a South African centre
(BioMed Central, 2014-06)Background: The epidemiology of Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) shows that the endemic type is mainly confined to equatorial Africa and has a very close association with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), while the sporadic variant shows ...
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Clinical value of a uniform research case definition of tuberculous meningitis
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) research remains important but obtaining adequate sample sizes of microbiologically-confirmed TBM cases is difficult, therefore clinical cases of TBM need to be ...
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Clinical characteristics and outcome of children evaluated and treated at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital during a measles epidemic
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of children presenting to Tygerberg Children’s Hospital with measles infection Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study of ...
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Paediatric and neonatal admissions to an intensive care unit at a regional hospital in the Western Cape
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the outcome of critically ill neonates and children admitted to a general intensive care unit in a large regional hospital (Worcester) in the Western ...
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Factors predicting the long-term renal function in boys presenting with posterior urethral valves at Tygerberg Children's Hospital, South Africa : a ten year study
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine long-term renal function in boys presenting with posterior urethral valves at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital and to determine the prognostic value of ...
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The use of unlicensed and off label drugs in Tygerberg Hospital neonatal intensive care unit
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to establish the frequency of unlicensed and off label drug use in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Tygerberg Hospital. METHOD This was ...
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Risk factors for infection and disease in child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis : a cross-sectional study
(BioMed Central, 2013-08)Background: Young children exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis have a high risk of disease progression following infection. This study aimed to determine risk factors for M. tuberculosis infection and disease in children ...
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Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in asthmatic children on corticosteroids
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although the effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) has been regarded as a “benign physiological response”, a survey published in 2002 suggested that ...
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The prevalence of symptoms associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in randomly selected children from a high burden community
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2005-11)Background: Diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis is problematic and symptom based diagnostic approaches are often promoted in high burden settings. This study aimed (i) to document the prevalence of symptoms associated ...
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Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) -- Pathogenesis
(Health and Medical Publishing Group (HMPG), 2008-04)Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is defined as ‘the condition in which exercise induces symptoms of asthma in patients who have asthma’.1 The question is whether EIA is a distinct phenotype of asthma or whether it is ...
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The characteristics of juvenile myasthenia gravis among South Africans
(Health and Medical Publishing Group (HMPG), 2012-06)Objectives. To report the characteristics of juvenile-onset (<20 years) myasthenia gravis (MG) in Africa. Subjects and methods. Six South African centres collected data which included acetylcholine receptor-antibody ...
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