Medical Physiology
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Xpert MTB/RIF assay shows faster clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA with higher levels of rifapentine exposure
(American Society for Microbiology, 2016-12)The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is both sensitive and specific as a diagnostic test. Xpert also reports quantitative output in cycle threshold (CT ) values, which may provide a dynamic measure of sputum bacillary burden when used ...
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Toxicity associated with tuberculosis chemotherapy in the REMoxTB study
(BioMed Central, 2018-07-11)Background: The incidence and severity of tuberculosis chemotherapy toxicity is poorly characterised. We used data available from patients in the REMoxTB trial to provide an assessment of the risks associated with the ...
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Investigating the modulating effects of Afriplex GRT Extract on vascular function and antioxidant status in obese Wistar rat
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)Introduction Obesity is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, a conglomerate of cardiometabolic risk factors, which synergistically result in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the major leading cause of ...
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The effects of melatonin supplementation on vascular tissue during first line ART: an in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro study
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)Introduction: Although Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIVassociated morbidity and mortality, non-HIV-related conditions and comorbidities continue to rise in this population. Cardiovascular disease ...
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The effect of hypoxia on protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in MDA-MB-231 cells, and, a pilot study to establish a primary breast cancer cell model from Fine Needle Aspirations.
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)Background: Cancerous tumours are characterised by areas of insufficient blood supply, with resulting hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. The mechanisms by which cancer cells adapt to these conditions are of interest due ...
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The Significance of Mitophagy in Myocardial Ischaemia/ Reperfusion: the effect of melatonin
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)Introduction: Myocardial ischaemia and concomitant cell damage are caused by a reduction in the blood supply to the heart. To date, the most effective strategy to salvage the myocardium is timely reperfusion which is ...
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Basic semen parameters assisted by Computer-Aided sperm analysis (CASA) and their correlations with advanced semen parameters in normozoospermic men with different abstinence periods
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)Introduction: Affordable basic semen analysis remains a fundamental procedure to be performed routinely during the diagnosis of male infertility. Advanced semen analyses, provide valuable clinical insights in treatment ...
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Short abstinence: Impact on the seminal plasma proteome and accessory sex gland secretions
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Various studies have sought to determine the typical versus optimal abstinence period after which semen samples should be collected, and many have been found to be contradictory. Several factors influence ...
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The effect of chronic ingestion of afriplex grt™ on myocardial insulin resistance and mitochondrial function – a preclinical study.
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)Introduction: Obesity is an excessive fat accumulation in the body, known to be a significant precursor to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Complications associated with obesity can contribute to the development of ...
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Aspalathin reverts doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through increased autophagy and decreased expression of p53/mTOR/p62 signaling
(MDPI, 2017-11-01)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various cancers. Its clinical use is often limited due to its potentially fatal cardiotoxic side effect. Increasing evidence ...
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Contribution of highly active anti-retroviral therapy to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with concomitant cardiovascular dysfunction in an obese rat model
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)Introduction: HIV/AIDS mortality is declining due to successful highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). However, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in treated ...
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Stem cell impairment associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus : investigating the effects of obesity-associated inflammation on mesenchymal stem cell function
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Background: South Africa has the highest prevalence of obesity in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Black women. This population is thus at a higher risk of developing obesity-associated type 2 diabetes ...
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Cardiomyocyte differentiation : experience and observations from 2 laboratories
(South African Heart Association, 2017)The undifferentiated clonal cell line, H9c2, derived from left ventricular rat heart tissue, has been extensively used in cardiovascular research. In the present study, 2 independent laboratories aimed to investigate the ...
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Ameliorative potentials of quercetin against cotinine-induced toxic effects on human spermatozoa
(Hainan Medical University Journal Publisher, 2016)Objectives: Cotinine, the principal metabolite of nicotine found in smokers' seminal plasma, has been shown to adversely affect sperm functionality while quercetin, a flavonoid with diverse properties is associated with ...
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Critical appraisal of conventional semen analysis in the context of varicocele
(Frontiers Media, 2016)Varicocele is present in approximately 15% of men, and, although it is the most commonly diagnosed cause of male infertility, nearly two-thirds of men with varicoceles remain fertile. It was decided to make use of the ...
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AMP kinase activation and glut4 translocation in isolated cardiomyocytes
(Clinics Cardive Publishing, 2010-04)Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) results in glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation from the cytosol to the cell membrane, and glucose uptake in the skeletal muscles. This increased activation of AMPK ...
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THE EFFECT OF LONG TERM SWIM TRAININ G ON PHYSIOLOGICA L STRESS LEVELS IN THE RAT
(The Society of Medical Laboratory Technologists of South Africa, 2010-12)
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AMP kinase activation and glut4 translocation in isolated cardiomyocytes
(http://www.cvja.co.za/index.php, 2010-03)
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Fenofibrate protects endothelial cells against the harmful effects of TNF-alpha
(South African Heart Association, 2017)Introduction: Fenofibrate exerts pleiotropic effects on endothelial cells (ECs) by, amongst others, increasing nitric oxide (NO) production. We aimed to investigate fenofi brate’s putative beneficial actions in healthy or ...
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Myocardial susceptibility to ischaemia/reperfusion in obesity : a re-evaluation of the effects of age
(BioMed Central, 2017-03-17)Background Reports on the effect of age and obesity on myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and ischaemic preconditioning are contradictory. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the effects of age and ...
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Investigating the effects of first line and second line antiretroviral drugs on HIV exposed endothelial function - A clinical study, supported by a mechanistic in-vitro approach
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Background: There is an interaction between HIV, antiretroviral treatment (ART) and endothelial dysfunction; furthermore, HIV-infected individuals (± ART) show an increased incidence of cardiovascular ...
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Effect of Aspalathus linearis supplementation, during anti-retroviral treatment, on the heart and aortas of male Wistar rats and the effects of drinking rooibos on the cardiovascular profile of patients on ART.
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Introduction Improved survival rates in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population, due to the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease ...
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The role of mitophagy in damage incurred by ischaemia/reperfusion
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Background and aims: Mitophagy is a specialised process of autophagy whereby dysfunctional mitochondria are removed. Mitophagy has been increasingly recognised as an essential process to sustain a healthy ...
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The treatment effect of Rooibos on vascular function and signalling pathways of aortas from diet induced obese rats.
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Introduction: Obesity is becoming a worldwide health problem and is a well-documented independent risk factor for the development of endothelial dysfunction (decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability) ...
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Optimization of experimental conditions and analysis tools for the study of phosphodiesterase-5 in a model of cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Part 1 Introduction: Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyse cyclic nucleotides that regulate ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in the heart. Phosphodiesterases-5 (PDE5) inhibition increases cyclic guanosine ...
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A new trial design to accelerate tuberculosis drug development : the Phase IIC Selection Trial with Extended Post-treatment follow-up (STEP)
(BioMed Central, 2016-03-23)Background: The standard 6-month four-drug regimen for the treatment of drug-sensitive tuberculosis has remained unchanged for decades and is inadequate to control the epidemic. Shorter, simpler regimens are urgently ...
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Effect of different substrates on functional performance and kinase activation during reperfusion after ischaemia in hearts from obese insulin resistant rats
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and diabetes and has also been implicated as one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease. ...
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An investigation into the importance of the ATM protein in the myocardial pathology associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Introduction: Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal, recessive disorder that is caused by mutations in the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. The gene product, ATM, is a 350 kDa serine/threonine ...
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Cardiovascular risk and endothelial function in people living with HIV/AIDS: design of the multi-site, longitudinal EndoAfrica study in the Western Cape Province of South Africa
(BioMed Central, 2017-01-07)Background: There is growing evidence of an interaction between HIV-infection, anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Epidemiological studies in Europe and North America have been observing a ...
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