Medical Physiology

Treatment with a fixed dose combination antiretroviral therapy drug containing tenofovir, emtricitabine and efavirenz is associated with cardioprotection in high calorie diet-induced obese rats

Everson, Frans; Genis, Amanda; Ogundipe, Temitope; De Boever, Patrick; Goswami, Nandu; Lochner, Amanda; Blackhurst, Dee; Strijdom, Hans (Public Library of Science, 2018-12-05)

HIV-infection, certain antiretroviral drug classes, especially protease inhibitors (PI), and obesity are associated with increased ischaemic heart disease (IHD) risk. However, the effect of PI-free fixed dose combination ...

Xpert MTB/RIF assay shows faster clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA with higher levels of rifapentine exposure

Jayakumar, A.; Savic, R. M.; Everett, C. K.; Benator, D.; Alland, D.; Heilig, C. M.; Weiner, M.; Friedrich, S. O.; Martinson, N. A.; Kerrigan, A.; Zamudio, C.; Goldberg, S. V.; Whitworth, W. C.; Davis, J. L.; Nahid, P. (American Society for Microbiology, 2016-12)

The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is both sensitive and specific as a diagnostic test. Xpert also reports quantitative output in cycle threshold (CT ) values, which may provide a dynamic measure of sputum bacillary burden when used ...

Toxicity associated with tuberculosis chemotherapy in the REMoxTB study

Tweed, Conor D.; Crook, Angela M.; Amukoye, Evans I.; Dawson, Rodney; Diacon, Andreas H.; Hanekom, Madeline; McHugh, Timothy D.; Mendel, Carl M.; Meredith, Sarah K.; Murphy, Michael E.; Murthy, Saraswathi E.; Nunn, Andrew J.; Phillips, Patrick P. J.; Singh, Kasha P.; Spigelman, Melvin; Wills, Genevieve H.; Gillespie, Stephen H. (BioMed Central, 2018-07-11)

Background: The incidence and severity of tuberculosis chemotherapy toxicity is poorly characterised. We used data available from patients in the REMoxTB trial to provide an assessment of the risks associated with the ...

Investigating the modulating effects of Afriplex GRT Extract on vascular function and antioxidant status in obese Wistar rat

Maqeda, Zimvo (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)

Introduction Obesity is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, a conglomerate of cardiometabolic risk factors, which synergistically result in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the major leading cause of ...

The effects of melatonin supplementation on vascular tissue during first line ART: an in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro study

Rawstorne, Jordyn (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)

Introduction: Although Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIVassociated morbidity and mortality, non-HIV-related conditions and comorbidities continue to rise in this population. Cardiovascular disease ...

The effect of hypoxia on protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in MDA-MB-231 cells, and, a pilot study to establish a primary breast cancer cell model from Fine Needle Aspirations.

Patten, Victoria Alexandra (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)

Background: Cancerous tumours are characterised by areas of insufficient blood supply, with resulting hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. The mechanisms by which cancer cells adapt to these conditions are of interest due ...

The Significance of Mitophagy in Myocardial Ischaemia/ Reperfusion: the effect of melatonin

Dube, Kopano Rebaona (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)

Introduction: Myocardial ischaemia and concomitant cell damage are caused by a reduction in the blood supply to the heart. To date, the most effective strategy to salvage the myocardium is timely reperfusion which is ...

Basic semen parameters assisted by Computer-Aided sperm analysis (CASA) and their correlations with advanced semen parameters in normozoospermic men with different abstinence periods

Ayad, Bashir Mohamed (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)

Introduction: Affordable basic semen analysis remains a fundamental procedure to be performed routinely during the diagnosis of male infertility. Advanced semen analyses, provide valuable clinical insights in treatment ...

Short abstinence: Impact on the seminal plasma proteome and accessory sex gland secretions

Goss, Dale Mark (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Various studies have sought to determine the typical versus optimal abstinence period after which semen samples should be collected, and many have been found to be contradictory. Several factors influence ...

The effect of chronic ingestion of afriplex grt™ on myocardial insulin resistance and mitochondrial function – a preclinical study.

Kroukamp, Marlouw (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)

Introduction: Obesity is an excessive fat accumulation in the body, known to be a significant precursor to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Complications associated with obesity can contribute to the development of ...

Aspalathin reverts doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through increased autophagy and decreased expression of p53/mTOR/p62 signaling

Johnson, Rabia; Shabalala, Samukelisiwe; Louw, Johan; Kappo, Abidemi Paul; Muller, Christo John Frederick (MDPI, 2017-11-01)

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various cancers. Its clinical use is often limited due to its potentially fatal cardiotoxic side effect. Increasing evidence ...

Contribution of highly active anti-retroviral therapy to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with concomitant cardiovascular dysfunction in an obese rat model

Kamau, Festus Maina (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)

Introduction: HIV/AIDS mortality is declining due to successful highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). However, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in treated ...

Stem cell impairment associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus : investigating the effects of obesity-associated inflammation on mesenchymal stem cell function

Seboko, Ascentia Mathapelo (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-12)

ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Background: South Africa has the highest prevalence of obesity in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Black women. This population is thus at a higher risk of developing obesity-associated type 2 diabetes ...