The role of social capital in a trust-building model between police and communities in the Ethekwini Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa

Date
2020-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The trust between the police and communities in the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality has conceivably diminished, thereby creating infertile grounds for the implementation of crime prevention strategies and collaborative efforts. In response, this study employed social capital as a trust-building model between the police and communities. While social capital solves social problems through established collaborations and partnerships, a knowledge gap exists in the South African context since not many studies have paid attention particularly to improving police-community relations. In bridging this knowledge gap, this study employed a mixed-methods approach to collect data. To operationalise the approach, structured questionnaires with closed-ended questions were administered to 150 participants. Two focus group interviews were conducted with police officials and Community Policing Forum (CPF) members respectively. Twelve personal in-depth interviews were conducted with traditional and political leaders. Existing literature was used to augment the interviews. Quantitative data were analysed through the use of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), while qualitative data were analysed by means of the content analysis method. The social network theory, social disorganisation theory, and contingency theory were employed to explain the relationships between the police and communities. The key findings reveal that social capital is strong at the level of friends, neighbours, and relatives; however, it is weak when one transcends this level and reaches the level of institutions (especially the police) and how they cooperate with the community. There are challenges that complicate the relationships between the stakeholders. The findings also reveal that the CPF acts as a buffer between the police and the community, but it is unable to function effectively because it is politically aligned, non-functional, and is undermined by uncooperative police officials. There are ongoing power struggles between police officials and CPF members. The findings show that in light of these power struggles, traditional leadership plays a central role in terms of building trust between the police, the CPF, and the community. This is because traditional leadership is seen as impartial as opposed to other role players in the community. As a consequence, this study developed a proposed social capital model that is context specific and anchored on traditional leadership as a pathway to building trust between the police, the CPF, and the community. This study recommends that there should be a mutually beneficial (or synergistic/collaborative) relationship between all the stakeholders that are involved in ensuring safety and security in communities. The study recommends that all stakeholders should undergo training in order to learn how to establish effective collaborative relationships or partnerships. In order to become a sustainable or effective bridge between the police and communities, CPF members should undergo training that involves confidence building, character building, and emotional intelligence. CPF members should be screened before they are elected. Because this study was based in a semi-rural area, a larger study (using a comparative analysis of urban and rural settings) is suggested for future research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die vertrouensverhouding tussen die polisie en gemeenskappe in die eThekwini Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit het merkbaar skade gely, sodoende ook enige kans vir die implementering van misdaadvoorkomingstrategieë en samewerkingspogings. In reaksie hierop stel hierdie studie sosiale kapitaal voor as die hoofbestanddeel van ’n gesonde vertrouensverhouding tussen die polisie en die breë gemeenskap. Alhoewel sosiale kapitaal normaalweg sosiale kwessies deur middel van gevestigde samewerkingsooreenkomste en -vennootskappe oplos, bestaan daar ’n kennisgaping in terme van studies wat onderneem is in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks in die veld van die verbetering van polisie-gemeenskapsverhoudinge in besonder. Om hierdie kennisgaping te vul, is met die huidige studie ’n gemengde-metode-benadering tot die insameling van data gevolg. Om hierdie benadering te operasionaliseer, is gestruktureerde, geslote vraelyste aan 150 deelnemers uitgedeel. Twee fokusgroeponderhoude is ook met polisiebeamptes en lede van die Gemeenskapspolisiëringsforum (GPF) onderskeidelik gevoer. Twaalf persoonlike, indiepte-onderhoude is ook met tradisionele en politieke leiers gevoer. Onderhoude is gerugsteun deur bestaande literatuur. Kwantitatiewe data is ontleed deur middel van die Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), terwyl kwalitatiewe data inhoudelik ontleed is. Die sosiale netwerkteorie, sosiale disorganisasieteorie, en gebeurlikheidsteorie is toegepas om die verwantskap tussen die polisie en die gemeenskap te verklaar. Die sleutelbevindinge is dat sosiale kapitaal prominent is op die vlakke van vriende, bure, en familielede. Dit is egter swak wanneer van hierdie vlakke na die vlak van instellings beweeg word (veral betrekkende die polisiediens) en hoe hulle met die gemeenskap saamwerk. Die studie het ook bevind dat die GPF as ’n buffer tussen die polisie en die gemeenskap dien, dat dit nie in staat is om doeltreffend te funksioneer nie weens politieke invloed, dat dit wanfunksioneel is, en dat dit deur teensinnige polisiebeamptes ondermyn word. Verder is daar voortslepende magstryde tussen polisiebeamptes en GPF-lede. As gevolg van hierdie magstryde speel tradisionele leiers ’n kernrol in die bou van ’n vertrouensverhouding tussen die polisie, die GPF, en die gemeenskap. Die rede is dat tradisionele leiers as meer onpartydig as enige van die ander rolspelers in die gemeenskap beskou word. Gevolglik het hierdie studie ’n sosiale kapitaalmodel ontwikkel wat konteksgebonde en geanker in tradisionele leierskap is met die oog op die bou van ’n vertrouenskanaal tussen die polisie, die GPF, en die gemeenskap. Hierdie studie stel voor dat daar ’n wedersyds-bevoordelende (sinergistiese/ samewerkende) verhouding tussen alle belanghebbendes behoort te wees wat op enige wyse by die versekering van veiligheid en sekuriteit in die gemeenskap betrokke is. Die studie beveel aan dat alle belanghebbendes opleiding in die daarstelling van ’n effektiewe samewerkingsverhouding, of vestiging van vennootskappe, behoort te ontvang. Om ’n volhoubare of effektiewe brug tussen die polisie en hul onderskeie gemeenskappe te wees, behoort GPF-lede ook opleiding ten opsigte van die bou van vertrouensverhoudinge, karaktervorming, en emosionele intelligensie te ondergaan. GPF-lede behoort voorverkiesingsiftingstoetse te ondergaan. ’n Omvangryker studie (deur ’n vergelykende ontleding van landelike en stedelike opsette) word vir verdere navorsing aanbeveel, aangesien die huidige studie ’n semi-landelike situasie nagevors het.
Description
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.
Keywords
Social capital (Sociology) -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal, Trust -- Buildings, Community policing -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal, South African Police Service (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa), Public safety -- South Africa, Ethekwini Metropolitan Municipality, Post-apartheid era -- South Africa, UCTD
Citation