Browsing by Author "Hough, F. S."
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- ItemAlterations of bone and mineral metabolism in diabetes mellitus : Part II. Clinical studies in 206 patients with type I diabetes mellitus(Health and Medical Publishing Group -- HMPG, 1987-07) Hough, F. S.This study reports a 22% prevalence of significant cortical osteopenia in 206 patients, aged 7 - 20 years, with established insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). A parallel decrease in trabecular bone mass was also noted. Bone loss was more evident in males (16%) than in females (6%) and was rare before 10 years of age (3%). No relationship between bone loss and the duration of diabetes, degree of metabolic control or diabetic complications was apparent. Delayed skeletal maturation did not account for cortical thinning, and the mean bone age of osteopenic diabetics was similar to that of non-osteopenic diabetics. There was no significant correlation between HLA-antigen frequency and the predisposition to diabetic osteopenia. Metabolic alterations comparable with previous findings in the chronically diabetic rat were documented in IDDM. The data documented are consistent with the conclusion that IDDM results in intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium, absorptive hypercalciuria, phosphaturia, hypomagnesaemia, hyperphosphatasaemia, and decreased circulating parathyroid hormone levels. These alterations in mineral metabolism may relate to the decrease in cortical and trabecular bone mass observed in patients with IDDM.
- ItemMeasurement of micro-albuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1992) Nortje, H. F. M.; Aalbers, C.; Taljaard, J. J. F.; Hough, F. S.; Nortje, H. F. M.; Aalbers, C.; Taljaard, J. J. F.; Hough, F. S.Persistent micro-albuminuria (MA) in patients with diabetes mellitus identifies a high-risk group for the development of vascular complications. Since the methodology involved in measuring MA has not been standardised, MA in 40 diabetic patients was measured in order to compare nephelometry with radio-immunoassay (RIA). The effect of storage (7 days), the influence of freezing and thawing on MA levels, and possible differences between glass and plastic containers were also assessed. An excellent correlation (r = 0,971) was found between RIA and nephelometry. Urine could be safely stored at 4°C in either plastic or glass containers without any signiicant influence on MA concentrations. It is concluded that nephelometry is an excellent method for accurately measuring MA.
- ItemMetabolic bone disease in preterm infants(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1986) Beyers, Nulda; Hough, F. S.Small preterm infants often develop osteopenia with or without rickets and with or without fractures. Whether these bone abnormalities all form part of the same disease process with a wide spectrum of presentation or whether each abnormality represents a different disease is as yet unclear. Bone mineralization depends largely on adequate supplies of calcium and phosphate. The normal intra-uterine accretion of these minerals is higher than can be achieved by feeding preterm babies postnatally with breastmilk or conventional formulas. Supplementation with calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D is needed to prevent the development of 'neonatal osteopathy'. The main action of vitamin D in the preterm baby is probably to increase the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, although it may, together with other calciotrophic hormones, have a more specific effect on bone growth.
- ItemMetacarpal bone mass in the white and coloured populations of the Cape(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1987) Wagener, G. W.; Hough, F. S.Morphometric measurements (radiogrammetry) of metacarpal cortical bone from fine-grain radiographic film using a magnifying eyepiece (magnification radiogrammetry) is a simple, inexpensive, reproducible and well-accepted method for assessing appendicular bone mass. Normal values for different countries and ethnic groups must first be established before this method can be applied in clinical practice. The need for normative data in South African coloured and white populations prompted this study.
- ItemRisk factors for the development of osteoporosis in a South African population. A prospective study(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1994) Blaauw, Renee; Albertse, E. C.; Beneke, T.; Lombard, C. J.; Laubscher, R.; Hough, F. S.Despite the vast number of risk factors that apparently predispose to the development of osteoporosis (OP), they have not been accurately identified and given relative priority. In order to analyse possible risk factors prospectively in a local patient population with overt OP (histomorphometrically confirmed and characterised) and compare it with an appropriately matched non-OP control group (with normal bone mass on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), a detailed general history, risk factor analysis, dietary history and anthropometric data were obtained from 56 OP and 125 non-OP subjects. In females a positive family history of OP (P = 0,002), a fair complexion (P = 0,009), lower body mass (P = 0,02) and height (P = 0,03), no breast-feeding of babies (P = 0,006), a history of smoking (P = 0,001) and fat distribution around the waist (P = 0,009) were idenfified as risk factors. In males lack of exercise (P = 0,008), a history of smoking (P = 0,01), lower body mass (P = 0,04) and height (P = 0,04), a preference for salty food (P = 0,02) and fat distribution around the waist (P = 0,002) appeared to predispose. Dietary calcium, phosphorus, protein and caffeine intakes were similar in OP and control subjects, but alcohol consumption was clearly higher in both OP males (P = 0,001) and females (P = 0,01).
- ItemSupplemented low-protein diets : are they superior in chronic renal failure?(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1995) Herselman, M. G.; Albertse, E. C.; Lombard, C. J.; Swanepoel, C. R.; Hough, F. S.Twenty-two patients with chronic renal failure were randomly assigned to a conventional low-protein diet containing 0,6g protein/kg/day or a very-low-protein diet containing 0,6g protein/kg/day supplemented with essential amino acids; they were followed up for 9 months. There were no significant changes in body mass index, arm muscle area, percentage body fat, serum albumin and transferrin levels in any of the groups; neither was there any difference between the groups in respect of these parameters. Renal function, as measured by the reciprocal of serum creatinine over time, stabilised in both groups during intervention, with no significant difference between the groups. There was however no correlation between changes in renal function and changes in blood pressure, or dietary intake of protein, phosphorus, cholesterol, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. There were also no significant changes and no significant differences between the groups in serum levels of parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase, urine cyclic adenosine monophosphate, tubular reabsorption of phosphate, and the theoretical renal threshold for phosphate. The results of this study suggest that the supplemented very-low-protein diet was not superior to the conventional low-protein diet in terms of its effect on protein-energy status, renal function and biochemical parameters of renal osteodystrophy.
- ItemVitamin D and mineral metabolism in normal pregnancy and in the normal fetus(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1986) Beyers, Nulda; Odendaal, H. J.; Hough, F. S.Metabolic bone diseases in neonates are being recognized with increasing frequency but, despite extensive research, the pathophysiology of neonatal osteopenia remains unclear. This review briefly summarizes vitamin D and mineral metabolism in the normal non-pregnant human adult, and then addresses the adaptations that occur during pregnancy and fetal life.