Browsing by Author "Haasbroek, Pierre"
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- ItemThe use of Hermetia illucens and Chrysomya chloropyga larvae and pre-pupae meal in ruminant nutrition(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-03) Haasbroek, Pierre; Cruywagen, C. W.; Pieterse, E.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Agrisciences. Dept. of Animal Sciences.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Protein resources in ruminant diets such as fish meal are often limited in supply and therefore have become more expensive. Insects such as larvae of different fly species are now more frequently studied and considered as an affordable protein source which could be used as an alternative animal sourced protein in different animal species diets. The objective of this study was to determine the nutrient value and obtain the rumen degradable potential of different fly larvae and pre-pupae treatments. The species used in this trial were the Hermetia illucens, known as the black soldier fly (BSF), and the Chrysomya chloropyga, better known as the copper-bottom blowfly (CC). The pre-pupae of BSF have a blackish exoskeleton made up of chitin and were therefore named as BSF B whereas the larvae were white and therefore named as BSF W. Furthermore, BSF B and BSF W were included as full fat (ff) treatments and defatted (df) treatments. Thus, there were four treatments for the BSF species, but only one full fat treatment for the CC. The five treatments were as follow: 1. BSF B ff – black soldier fly pre-pupae, full fat. 2. BSF W ff – black soldier fly larvae, full fat. 3. CC ff – Chrysomya chloropyga, full fat. 4. BSF B df – black soldier fly pre-pupae, defatted. 5. BSF W df – black soldier fly larvae, defatted. The different meal treatments were analyzed in the Department of Animal Sciences (Stellenbosch University). Analyses showed that larvae and pre-pupae meal are a good potential source of protein, amino acids and calcium. Two trials were done to determine the effective degradability (Deff) of the different larvae and pre-pupae meals. The trials were done over a 48 hour incubation period with bag removals at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours. In the first trial the effective degradability and rumen undegradable protein (RUP) fractions were determined in an in vitro digestibility trial. The CC ff had the highest Deff (lowest RUP) value of all treatments. The two defatted treatments (BSF B df and BSF W df) had higher Deff values than the full fat treatments of the same species. It was concluded that the fat content of the larvae and pre-pupae meals were negatively correlated with degradability. The second trial was a repetition of the first trial, except that the protein degradability was determined in an in sacco digestibility trial. The degradability values in the in sacco trial were higher than those obtained in the in vitro trial for all five treatments. As was observed in the in vitro trial, CC ff had the highest Deff value. The defatted treatments once again showed higher Deff values than the full fat treatments of the same species. A final conclusion was made that the fat content of the fly larvae and pre-pupae meal has a significant effect on the degradability of the meal. It was suggested that further studies have to be conducted in an attempt to defat larvae and pre-pupae meal more effectively and also to put these meals through different processing methods to attempt to increase the RUP value of the meal. Once the above mentioned objectives is met, larvae and pre-pupae meal can be considered in trials to investigate the meal as an alternative protein source and replacement for fish meal in production animal diets.