Masters Degrees (Medical Virology)
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Browsing Masters Degrees (Medical Virology) by Author "Ithete, Ndapewa Laudika"
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- ItemMolecular identification and characterisation of rodent- and shrew-borne Hantaviruses(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010-12) Ithete, Ndapewa Laudika; Preiser, Wolfgang; Kruger, Detlev H.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dept. of Pathology. Medical Virology.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Throughout history disease entities have been described which match the description of diseases now known to be caused by hantaviruses; however these viruses were first identified as the aetiologic agent in 1976, the first species named Hantaan virus after the river near which its natural host, the rodent species Apodemus agrarius, was captured. Since then numerous species in the Hantavirus genus, family Bunyaviridae, have been found, with today more than 30 species worldwide being known. Hantaviruses are hosted by rodents from the Muridae and Cricetidae families and by shrews (insectivores) in the Soricidae family. There are two types of hantavirus disease, Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Old World and Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the New World. The first two African hantaviruses were identified in 2006 in Guinea, West Africa; Sangassou virus (SANGV) in a rodent, the African wood mouse (Hylomyscus simus), and Tanganya virus (TGNV) in Therese’s shrew (Crocidura theresae). In this study, rodents and shrews were trapped at localities in the Western Cape and Northern Cape provinces of South Africa, and in the southern regions of Namibia. RNA was extracted from their lungs and screened for hantavirus sequences by RTPCR, using degenerate primers designed to detect all members of the Hantavirus genus. In addition, an in-house IgG ELISA assay was set up, based on recombinant N antigen from Dobrava virus, DOB-rN, and Puumala virus, PUU-rN. The assay was used to screen patient sera collected in an anonymous convenience serological survey using residual serum samples left over from routine testing at NHLS laboratories in the Western Cape for hantavirus-specific antibodies. RNA from 576 animal specimens was screened by RT-PCR; no hantavirus genome was detected in any of the specimens. Sera from 161 patients were screened for hantavirus antibodies; 11.18% of the sera were reactive to DOB-rN, 4.97% against PUU-rN and 2.48% against both antigens. v Though no virus was detected in the animals screened, this does not necessarily mean that there are no hantaviruses present in Southern Africa. A previous seroepidemiological survey conducted in South Africa reported on the presence of hantavirus specific antibodies by IFA in two species of rodents trapped in the Western Cape and Northern Cape Aethomys namquensis and Tatera leucogaster. Our was the second known study in South Africa conducted that determined and proved the presence of hantavirus specific antibodies in humans.