The gonads of human true hermaphrodites

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dc.contributor.authorVan Neikerk W.
dc.contributor.authorRetief A.E.
dc.date.accessioned2011-05-15T16:16:32Z
dc.date.available2011-05-15T16:16:32Z
dc.date.issued1981
dc.description.abstractGonadal distribution in 409 cases of human true hermaphroditism is reviewed. An ovary was found on the left side of the body in 62.8% of the cases and the testis on the right side in 59.5%. The ovotestis is the most common gonad of the true hermaphrodite; amongst 806 gonads in 406 cases it was found in 44.3%. In this paper we give a detailed description of the morphology of ovotestis, testis and ovary in the true hermaphrodite. In addition we discuss the effects of fetal androgens and Muellerian ihibiting factor on the Wolffian and Muellerian ducts. Correlations between chromosomal complement and gonadal distribution are presented. True hermaphrodites with a 46,XX karyotype most commonly have an ovary on one side and an ovotestis on the other side; those with a Y-chromosome have a testis in 61% of cases. An analysis of the ratio of ovarian and testictular tissue within ovotestes showed a continuum from very little ovarian tissue to a small portion of testicular tissue. Each type of tissue was clearly demarcated, Hypotheses for gonadal induction in the true hermaphrodite should take cognizance of these facts. True hermaphrodites with a 46,XX chromosomal complement were characterized by a male phenotype in 54% of cases. This group may suggest a greater testicular induction ability in the genome as compared to the 46% with a female phenotype.
dc.description.versionArticle
dc.identifier.citationHuman Genetics
dc.identifier.citation58
dc.identifier.citation1
dc.identifier.issn03406717
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/13828
dc.subjectandrogen
dc.subjectmuellerian inhibiting factor
dc.subjectcongenital disorder
dc.subjectetiology
dc.subjectfemale genital system
dc.subjectgonad
dc.subjectmale genital system
dc.subjectovary
dc.subjectovotestis
dc.subjectreview
dc.subjectsex difference
dc.subjecttestis
dc.subjecttrue hermaphroditism
dc.subjectAndrogens
dc.subjectDysgerminoma
dc.subjectEmbryonic Induction
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectGenes, Structural
dc.subjectGonads
dc.subjectH-Y Antigen
dc.subjectHermaphroditism
dc.subjectHuman
dc.subjectKaryotyping
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectMullerian Ducts
dc.subjectOvary
dc.subjectPhenotype
dc.subjectRisk
dc.subjectSex Chromosomes
dc.subjectTesticular Hormones
dc.subjectTestis
dc.subjectWolffian Duct
dc.titleThe gonads of human true hermaphrodites
dc.typeArticle
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