Exploring the potential of using cattle for malaria vector surveillance and control : a pilot study in western Kenya

dc.contributor.authorNjoroge, Margaret M.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTirados, Inakien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLindsay, Steven W.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVale, Glyn A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTorr, Stephen J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFillinger, Ulrikeen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2018-11-02T09:23:13Z
dc.date.available2018-11-02T09:23:13Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.descriptionCITATION: Njoroge, M. M., et al. 2017. Exploring the potential of using cattle for malaria vector surveillance and control : a pilot study in western Kenya. Parasites & Vectors, 10:18, doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1957-8.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com
dc.description.abstractBackground: Malaria vector mosquitoes with exophilic and zoophilic tendencies, or with a high acceptance of alternative blood meal sources when preferred human blood-hosts are unavailable, may help maintain low but constant malaria transmission in areas where indoor vector control has been scaled up. This residual transmission might be addressed by targeting vectors outside the house. Here we investigated the potential of insecticide-treated cattle, as routinely used for control of tsetse and ticks in East Africa, for mosquito control. Methods: The malaria vector population in the study area was investigated weekly for 8 months using two different trapping tools: light traps indoors and cattle-baited traps (CBTs) outdoors. The effect of the application of the insecticide deltamethrin and the acaricide amitraz on cattle on host-seeking Anopheles arabiensis was tested experimentally in field-cages and the impact of deltamethrin-treated cattle explored under field conditions on mosquito densities on household level. Results: CBTs collected on average 2.8 (95% CI: 1.8–4.2) primary [Anopheles gambiae (s.s.), An. arabiensis and An. funestus (s.s.)] and 6.3 (95% CI: 3.6–11.3) secondary malaria vectors [An. ivulorum and An. coustani (s.l.)] per trap night and revealed a distinct, complementary seasonality. At the same time on average only 1.4 (95% CI: 0.8–2.3) primary and 1.1 (95% CI: 0.6–2.0) secondary malaria vectors were collected per trap night with light traps indoors. Amitraz had no effect on survival of host-seeking An. arabiensis under experimental conditions but deltamethrin increased mosquito mortality (OR 19, 95% CI: 7–50), but only for 1 week. In the field, vector mortality in association with deltamethrin treatment was detected only with CBTs and only immediately after the treatment (OR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13–0.52). Conclusions: Entomological sampling with CBTs highlights that targeting cattle for mosquito control has potential since it would not only target naturally zoophilic malaria vectors but also opportunistic feeders that lack access to human hosts as is expected in residual malaria transmission settings. However, the deltamethrin formulation tested here although used widely to treat cattle for tsetse and tick control, is not suitable for the control of malaria vectors since it causes only moderate initial mortality and has little residual activity.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-016-1957-8
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent16 pages
dc.identifier.citationNjoroge, M. M., et al. 2017. Exploring the potential of using cattle for malaria vector surveillance and control : a pilot study in western Kenya. Parasites & Vectors, 10:18, doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1957-8
dc.identifier.issn1756-3305 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1186/s13071-016-1957-8
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/104635
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherBiomed Centralen_ZA
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectMalaria -- Controlen_ZA
dc.subjectCattle as carriers of disease -- Kenyaen_ZA
dc.subjectMalaria -- Transmissionen_ZA
dc.subjectInsecticides -- Researchen_ZA
dc.subjectMosquitos -- Controlen_ZA
dc.titleExploring the potential of using cattle for malaria vector surveillance and control : a pilot study in western Kenyaen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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