Synthesis and application of surfactants containing polymerizable groups
Date
2002-12
Authors
Pienaar, Adele
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The surfmers sodium l l-rnethacryloyloxy undecanyl-I sulfate (MET) and sodium 11-
crotonoyloxy undecanyl-I sulfate (CRO) were synthesized and purified. Both contain a
sulfonate and polymerizable double bond connected by a hydrocarbon chain. Sodium 4-[ 11-
(3-carboxypropionoyloxy)-undecyloxy] benzenesulfonate (PSA-MA) could not be
synthesized successfully. MET and CRO were characterized by means of nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy (NMR), elemental analysis (EA), thermal gravimetric analysis
(TGA), determination of the critical micelle concentration (CMC), differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC), and microscopy. MET and CRO displayed a liquid crystalline behavior.
MET and CRO were used in combination with poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) to
form polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes by common precipitation in water. These
complexes were redissolved in methanol and cast in films. The cast films were investigated
by wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) with regard
to ordered mesomorphous phases. Due to the destabilization of the lyotropic phase, little
order were observed in the complexes.
MET was co-polymerized with styrene and methyl methacrylate, in different proportions, by
means of free radical polymerization. The co-polymers were characterized by NMR and
infrared spectroscopy (Ik) and analyzed by DSC, TGA and gel permeation chromatography
(GPC). All analytical techniques showed that the co-polymers were synthesized successfully.
TEM indicated a fine, lamellar micro-structure.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die polimeriseerbare sepe, natrium-ll-metakrieloloksi-undekaniel-l sulfaat (MET) en natrium-ll-krotonieloksi-undekaniel-l-sulfaat (CRO) is berei en gesuiwer. Beide bevat 'n sulfonaat en 'n polimeriseerbare dubbelbinding wat deur 'n koolwaterstofketting verbind word. Natrium-4-[11-(3-karboksipropionieloksi)-undekieloksi]-benseensulfaat (PSA-MA) kon nie suksesvol berei word me. MET en CRO is deur middel van kernmagnetieseresonansspektroskopie (KMR), elementele-analise (EA), termiesegravimetriese analise (TOA), kritiese miselkonsentrasie (CMC), differensieelskandeerkalorornetrie (DSC) en mikroskopie gekarakteriseer. Beide MET en CRO het 'n vloei-kristalgedrag getoon. MET en CRO is met poli(diallieldimetielammoniumchloried) gereageer om polyelektrolietseepkompleks te vorm deur presipitasie uit water. Die komplekse is in metanol opgelos en films daarvan gemaak. Die films is deur wyehoek X-straal diffraksie (WAXS) en kleinhoek X-straaldiffraksie (SAXS) ondersoek om geordende mesomorfiese fases te ondersoek. As gevolg van destabilisasie van die liotropiese fase is min orde in die komplekse gevind. MET is met stireen en metielmetakrilaat deur middel van vryeradikaalpolymerisasie gekopolimeriseer. Die kopolimere is deur middel van KMR- en infrarooispektroskopie (IR), DSC, TOA en gelpermeasiechromotagrafie (OPC) ondersoek. Al hierdie analitiese metodes het die suksesvolle sintese van die kopolimere bewys. Transmissie-elektronmikroskopie het die teenwoordigheid van 'n fyn, laminere mikro-struktuur bewys.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die polimeriseerbare sepe, natrium-ll-metakrieloloksi-undekaniel-l sulfaat (MET) en natrium-ll-krotonieloksi-undekaniel-l-sulfaat (CRO) is berei en gesuiwer. Beide bevat 'n sulfonaat en 'n polimeriseerbare dubbelbinding wat deur 'n koolwaterstofketting verbind word. Natrium-4-[11-(3-karboksipropionieloksi)-undekieloksi]-benseensulfaat (PSA-MA) kon nie suksesvol berei word me. MET en CRO is deur middel van kernmagnetieseresonansspektroskopie (KMR), elementele-analise (EA), termiesegravimetriese analise (TOA), kritiese miselkonsentrasie (CMC), differensieelskandeerkalorornetrie (DSC) en mikroskopie gekarakteriseer. Beide MET en CRO het 'n vloei-kristalgedrag getoon. MET en CRO is met poli(diallieldimetielammoniumchloried) gereageer om polyelektrolietseepkompleks te vorm deur presipitasie uit water. Die komplekse is in metanol opgelos en films daarvan gemaak. Die films is deur wyehoek X-straal diffraksie (WAXS) en kleinhoek X-straaldiffraksie (SAXS) ondersoek om geordende mesomorfiese fases te ondersoek. As gevolg van destabilisasie van die liotropiese fase is min orde in die komplekse gevind. MET is met stireen en metielmetakrilaat deur middel van vryeradikaalpolymerisasie gekopolimeriseer. Die kopolimere is deur middel van KMR- en infrarooispektroskopie (IR), DSC, TOA en gelpermeasiechromotagrafie (OPC) ondersoek. Al hierdie analitiese metodes het die suksesvolle sintese van die kopolimere bewys. Transmissie-elektronmikroskopie het die teenwoordigheid van 'n fyn, laminere mikro-struktuur bewys.
Description
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
Keywords
Surface active agents, Dissertations -- Polymer science, Theses -- Polymer science