Liver-based in vitro technologies for drug biotransformation studies - A review

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dc.contributor.authorFasinu P.
dc.contributor.authorBouic P.J.
dc.contributor.authorRosenkranz B.
dc.date.accessioned2012-04-12T08:23:06Z
dc.date.available2012-04-12T08:23:06Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.description.abstractEarly understanding of the metabolic pathway and potential interaction of new drug candidates with other drugs is one of the goals of preclinical studies in the drug discovery process. Although other body organs are involved in drug biotransformation, the liver is the predominant organ of metabolism for a wide range of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. The set of enzymes contained in the cytochrome P450 superfamily present predominantly in the liver have been identified as the single most important agent of drug metabolism and have formed the bedrock of most matured technologies for in vitro drug biotransformation studies. With the development of a number of liver-based technologies, in vitro metabolism has gained significant popularity in the past three decades. This has come in response to several demanding factors including the questionable relevance of data from animal studies; the high cost and stringent regulatory and ethical requirement, as well as safety issues involved with studies using human subjects; and the need for high throughput due to the wide range of chemical entities for routine investigations. These technologies which vary from whole liver to subcellular fractions have found ready application in generating the desired information on the substrate and inhibitor specificity of most metabolic enzymes. This paper reviews such technologies as isolated fresh liver; liver slices; primary, cultured and cryopreserved hepatocytes; microsomes; cytosolic fractions; and purified or heterologously expressed drug-metabolizing enzymes. It highlights the general principles of in vitro enzyme kinetics and the factors that determine the choice of each in vitro technology for biotransformation studies. © 2012 Bentham Science Publishers.
dc.identifier.citationCurrent Drug Metabolism
dc.identifier.citation13
dc.identifier.citation2
dc.identifier.citation215
dc.identifier.citation224
dc.identifier.issn13892002
dc.identifier.other10.2174/138920012798918426
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20623
dc.subjectBiotransformation
dc.subjectCytochrome P450
dc.subjectIn vitro metabolism
dc.subjectLiver cytosol
dc.subjectLiver slices
dc.subjectMicrosomes
dc.subjectS9 fractions
dc.subjectSubcellular fractions
dc.subjectUDT-glucuronosyltransferase
dc.titleLiver-based in vitro technologies for drug biotransformation studies - A review
dc.typeReview
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