The determiner phrase syntax of iGiha: a generative syntax-interfaces approach

Date
2022-04
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch -- Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The debate in generative linguistics on whether languages with no overt articles, including the Bantu languages, project a Determiner Phrase (DP), similarly to languages that have overt definite and indefinite articles (like ‘the’ and ‘a’ in English) informed the investigation on the igiHa NP/DP syntax conducted in this study. The main goal of this dissertation is thus to examine the evidence that igiHa, a Bantu language with no overt articles, projects a DP above NP in the syntactic representation of nominal phrases of igiHa. The study examines the igiHa complex noun phrase in providing evidence for postulating that the pre-prefix occurring in the inflection morphology of the lexical head noun, and the pre-prefix element in the inflectional morphology of different nominal modifiers is a functional category Determiner that heads a DP projection. For this purpose, the study examines the interpretative semantic, discourse-pragmatic, and information structural contrastive focus properties encoded by the (non-)occurrence of the Determiner pre-prefix in the inflectional morphology of the lexical head noun and the various nominal modifiers. The occurrence of the nominal modifiers in different syntactic positions with respect to the head noun is considered. A multi-perspective theoretical framework, exploring syntax interfaces properties was thus adopted for the study. This framework assumes the Minimalist Program principles of generative grammar, with particular focus on DP structure questions, extended to include perspectives from Cartography studies (Rizzi 1997). In addition, the theory of Definiteness and Specificity postulated by Lyons (1999), and information structural perspectives are incorporated in the framework. The study presents arguments in support of the view that the pre-prefix in igiHa is a functional category determiner, specified for the semantic feature of specificity and the information structural feature of contrastive focus. This view is evidenced in the igiHa nominal phrase data by examples where the pre-prefix occurs obligatorily or optionally in the inflectional morphology of the lexical head noun and different nominal modifiers. It is argued that the determiner pre-prefix that occurs in the inflection morphology of nominal modifiers such as the adjective, the numeral, the possessive, the clausal relative, and some quantifiers and enumeratives is a D(eterminer) predicate functional category introducing a DP predication (DPPred) projection in the representation of these igiHa nominal phrases. The study furthermore proposes that igiHa nominal modifiers such as the demonstrative and the anaphoric determiners -áá, -á-á-ndi, and nya- have an inherent feature of definiteness, whereas other modifiers, particularly the adjective, the numeral, the possessive, and the clausal relative are inherently neutral with respect to the semantic features of (in)definiteness and (non-) specificity. Some quantifiers, enumeratives, and interrogatives are inherently indefinite. However, the study argues that these nominal modifiers with a semantic feature of indefiniteness can under certain circumstances appear in definite environments. In terms of the analyses proposed for the igiHa NP/DP constructions, the Determiner pre-prefix heads the DP projection, and the demonstrative and the anaphoric determiners occupy the specifier position. The Determiner pre-prefix dominates a Focus Phrase (FocP) projection in the context where it encodes the feature of contrastive focus.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die debat in generatiewe linguistiek rakende die vraag of tale wat geen overte lidwoorde het nie, insluitende die Bantutale, ’n bepalerfrase (‘Determiner Phrase’) projekteer, soortgelyk aan tale wat ‘n overte bepalde lidwoord en onbepaalde lidwoord het (soos ‘die’ en ‘n’ in Afrikaans), het gedien as motivering vir hierdie studie. Die hoof doelstelling van hierdie proefskrif is aldus om die evidensie te ondersoek vir die beskouing dat igiHa, ‘n Bantutaal sonder lidwoorde, ‘n DP bo die NP projekteer in die sintaktiese representasie van nominale frases. Die studie ondersoek komplekse naamwoordfrases in igiHa in die daarstelling van evidensie vir die postulering dat die pre-prefiks wat in die infleksie morfologie van die kern leksikale naamwoord verskyn, en die pre-prefiks element in die infleksie morfologie van die verskillende naamwoordelike bepalers, ‘n ‘n funksionele kategorie bepaler (‘Determiner’) is, wat as kern verskyn van ‘n DP projeksie. Vir hierdie doel ondersoek die studie die interpretatiewe semantiese, diskoers-pragmatiese, en informasie strukturele kontrastiewe fokus eienskappe wat gekodeer word deur die (nie-) verskyning van die Bepaler pre-prefiks in die infleksie morfologie van die leksikale kern naamwoord en van die verskillende naamwoordelike bepalers. Die verskyning van die naamwoordelike bepalers in verskillende posisies met betrekking tot die kern leksikale naamwoord word in berekening gebring. Die studie aanvaar ‘n multi-perspektief teoretiese raamwerk. Hierdie raamwerk bevat die beginsels van die Minimalistiese Program van generatiewe grammatika, met spesifieke focus op DP struktuur vraagstukke, uitgebrei om perspektiewe van die Kartografiese studies raamwerk (Rizzi 1997) in te sluit. Voorts is die teorie van Bepaaldheid en Spesifisiteit van Lyons (1999), asook informasie strukturele perspektiewe ingesluit in die raamwerk. Die studie bied argumente ter ondersteuning aan vir die beskouing dat die pre-prefiks in igiHa ‘n funksionele kategorie, Bepaler (‘Determiner’) is, wat gespesifiseer word vir die semantiese kenmerke van spesifisiteit en informasie strukturele kenmerk van kontrastiewe fokus. Hierdie beskouing word ondersteun deur data van die igiHa nominale frase waar die pre-prefiks opsioneel of verpligtend verskyn in die infleksie morfologie van die kern leksikale naamwoord en die verskillende naamwoordelike bepalers. Daar word ge-argumenteer dat die bepaler pre-prefiks wat verskyn in die infleksie morfologie van naamwoordelike bepalers soos die adjektief, die telwoord, die possessief en die sinsrelatief, in sommige kwantifiseerders en enumeratiewe, ‘n bepaaldheids predikaat funksionele kategorie, D predikaat, is, wat ‘n DP predikaat projeksie invoer in die sintaktiese representasie van hierdie igiHa nominale frases. Die studie argumenteer dat naamwoordelike bepalers in igiHa, soos die demonstratief, en die anaforiese bepalers -áá, -a-a-ndi-, en nya-, ‘n inherente kenmerk van bepaaldheid (‘definiteness’) het, terwyl ander bepalers, spesifiek die adjektief, die telwoord, die possessief, en die sinsrelatief, inherent neutraal is met betrekking tot die semantiese kenmerk van (on- )bepaaldheid en (nie-)spesifisiteit. Sommige kwantifiseerders enumeratiewe en vraagwoorde, is inherent onbepaald. Die studie toon egter aan dat hierdie naamwoordelike bepalers met ‘n semantiese kenmerk van onbepaaldheid, in sekere omstandighede, in bepaalde omgewings kan verskyn. In terme van analises wat voorgestel word vir die igiHa NP/DP konstruksies, verskyn die bepaldheids pre-prefiks as kern van ‘n projeksie, en die demonstratiewe en anaforiese bepalers verskyn in die spesifiseerder posisie. Die Bepaler funksionele kategorie domineer ‘n Fokus frase (FocP) projeksie in omgewings waar dit die kenmerk van kontrastiewe fokus enkodeer.
Description
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2022.
Keywords
Grammar, Comparative and general -- Determiners, UCTD, Phraseology -- Syntax, Syntactic frames (Linguistics), igiHa language, Bantu languages
Citation