A morally justified policy for assisted euthanasia

Date
2000-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was undertaken to evaluate whether a mentally competent mature human being, who is suffering an intolerable, irremediable existence resulting from an incurable agonising or devastating paralysing disease; has a moral, personal and civic right to end that life or have it ended by requesting assistance in meeting death in a humane, compassionate and dignified manner. ~ The righteousness of such assistance can only be gauged if it follows the repeated and voluntary request of someone who is presently not suffering from any psychiatric disorder, is presently mentally competent or had made such a written or verbal witnessed advance directive while mentally competent to do so. ~ This study will not deal with assistance in dying either active or passive which is performed on severely mentally and physically handicapped new-born babies with scant prospect of survival; nor with euthanasia for the relief of malignant or paralysing disease in those with life-long [anoxic, congenital, inflammatory or traumatic] mental incompetencies who have never had decision-making capacity. ~ This study will not address issues of aid-in-dying for mentally incompetent persons suffering from senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, or permanent vegetative states due to brain pathology following anoxic, circulatory, infective, malignant or traumatic events, who have not made advance directives and who had never stated preferences concerning assisted euthanasia. The aim of this study is to outline the moral case advanced by those in favour of legalising Voluntary Assisted Euthanasia [VAE] also called Assisted Euthanasia [AE] and to develop ethically sound and practical proposals for policy and actions contributing towards the resolution of the moral dilemma faced daily by doctors when asked by mentally competent patients suffering from irremediable malignant or paralysing diseases or the agonising symptoms of end-stage Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) for assistance to end their lives. }ii> This study will cover and discuss the more important objections of those opposed to the legalising of assisted suicide for mentally-competent terminal patients who are irremediably suffering in their bodies or from dehumanising incurable endstage paralysing diseases and are near to an inevitable death. }ii> The insights of philosophers, theologians, physicians and sociologists on the subject of suicide and aid-in-dying, have been researched in the extensive literature that exists (both in print and in cyberspace) on these subjects and are presented with the study. }ii> The study tries to show that a competent adult in certain grim circumstances should have an inalienable human right, if not a constitutional one, to request assisted euthanasia or aid-in-dying or assistance in ending their lives. }ii> Such assistance must be subject to peer review, after careful assessment by a multidisciplinary team in the healing [both physical and spiritual] professions This paper will try to determine whether the actionalisation of voluntary assisted suicide or assisted euthanasia is murder or an act of compassion and empathy performed out of respect for a fellow human being's autonomy and in deference to their right to self-determination and self-realisation. ~ The relevance of this situation is that aid-in-dying is becoming one of the major, moral, religious, philosophical and bio-medical dilemmas at this time. ~ The author's position is that it is neither just nor ethical to prevent a mentallycompetent human being, who is tormented by agonising, incurable terminal physical or irremediable paralysing disease, from deciding to chose to die when he/she can no longer bear the torment and asking for professional assistance to effect this. This relief should be given not only to those who are able to make an enduring, informed contemporaneous decision, but also to those who [when they still had decision-making capacity] had previously made a considered informed advance directive about the use of ordinary and extraordinary medical methods of sustaining a life that had become merely an existence.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie is onderneem om te evalueer of 'n bevoegde, volwasse mens wat 'n onverduurbare en ongeneesbare bestaan het a.g.v. 'n ongeneesbare, folterende of vernietigende siekte, 'n morele, persoonlike of burgerlike reg het om daardie lewe te beeïndig of hulp te vra om dit te laat beeïndig, ten einde die dood op 'n menswaardige wyse tegemoet te gaan. ~ Die regverdigbaarheid van bogenoemde hulp kan slegs bepaal word as dit volg op die herhaalde en vrywillige versoeke van iemand wat nie, wanneer hy/sy dit versoek, ly aan 'n geestessiekte nie, wat bevoeg is of wat so 'n geskrewe of mondelinge versoek, met getuies, gemaak het terwyl die persoon kompetent was. ~ Die studie handel nie oor bystand-in-sterfte, aktief of passief, waar dit uitgevoer word op fisies of psigies ernstig gestremde pasgebore babas met 'n skrale kans op oorlewing nie; ook nie oor genadedood ter verligting van kwaadaardige of verlammende siekte in diegene met lewenslange [anoksiese, kongenitale, inflammatoriese of traumatiese] geestelike ongesteldhede, wat nog nooit besluitnemende kapasiteit gehad het nie. ~ Die studie ondersoek nie gevalle van bystand-met-sterfte waar inkompetente persone wat ly aan seniliteit, Alzheimer se siekte, of permanente vegetatiewe toestande a.g.v. brein patologie n.a.v. anoksiese, sirkulatoriese, infektiewe, kwaadaardige of traumatiese gebeure, nie direk gevra het vir genadedood of nooit die voorkeur vir geassisteerde genadedood uitgespreek het nie. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die morele saak van diegene ten gunste van die wettiging van Vrywillige Geassisteerde Genadedood, ook bekend as Geassisteerde Genadedood, te stel en om praktiese sowel as eties verantwoordbare voorstelle te maak vir beleid en optrede wat kan bydra tot die oplos van die morele dilemma wat dokters daagliks in die gesig staar wanneer hulle deur geestelik bevoegde pasiënte wat ly aan ongeneesbare, kwaadaardige of verlammende siektes, of die folterende simptome van die finale stadium van Verworwe Immuniteits Gebrek Sindroom [VIGS], gevra word vir bystand in die beeïndiging van hulle lewens. ~ Die studie sal die belangriker besware van diegene aanspreek wat teen die wettiging is van geassisteerde genadedood vir geestelik bevoegde terminale pasiënte wat ongeneesbaar ly of van dehumaniserende ongeneesbare finale stadium siektes en wat naby is aan 'n onafwendbare dood. ~ Die insigte van filosowe, teoloë, dokters en sosioloë oor bystand-met-sterfte en selfmoord, is nagevors in die wye literatuur beskikbaar is (beide in druk en kuberruimte) oor hierdie onderwerpe en word saam met die studie angebied. ~ Die studie probeer aantoon dat 'n bevoegde volwassene in sekere erge omstandighede 'n onvervreembare mensereg, indien nie 'n konstitusionele reg nie, behoort te hê om bystand tydens genadedood te versoek. ~ Sulke bystand moet onderworpe wees aan groepsevaluasie, na versigtige ondersoek deur 'n multi-dissiplinêre span in die gesondheidsprofessies [beide fisies en psigies]. Die studie sal probeer bepaal of die uitvoering van vrywillige geassisteerde selfmoord of geassisteerde genadedood moord is, of 'n aksie van empatie, uitgevoer uit respek vir 'n medemens se outonomie, sy/haar reg tot selfdeterminasie en self-realisasie. )lo- Die relevansie van hierdie situasie lê daarin dat bystand-met-sterfte besig is om een van die belangrikste morele, religieuse, filosofiese en biomediese dilemmas van ons tyd te word. )lo- Die outeur se posisie is dat dit nie regverdig of eties is om te verhoed dat 'n geestelik bevoegde mens, wat ly aan folterende, ongeneesbare terminale fisiese of ongeneesbare verlammende siekte, self kies om te sterf wanneer hy/sy nie meer die lyding kan verdra nie en vir professionele bystand vra om dit uit te voer. Die verligting behoort gegee te word, nie net aan diegene wat in staat is om 'n bindende en ingeligte besluit te maak nie, maar ook aan -diegene wat [toe hulle nog besluitnemende kapasitiet gehad het] vroeër 'n oorweegde, ingeligte vroegtydige versoek gemaak het aangaande die gebruik van gewone en buitengewone mediese metodes vir die verlenging van 'n lewe wat bloot 'n bestaan geword het.
Description
Assignment (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
Keywords
Euthanasia -- Moral and ethical aspects, Assisted suicide -- Moral and ethical aspects, Dissertations -- Applied ethics, Theses -- Applied ethics
Citation