Nutrition support of critically ill adults in Malawi

Date
2021-12
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Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY: Introduction: Enteral nutrition is the preferred route of nutritional support in critically ill adult patients if the gastrointestinal tract is functional. There is limited information on enteral nutrition support of critically ill patients in Malawi. Hence, this study sought to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of health professionals concerning enteral nutrition support of critically ill patients in the secondary and tertiary hospitals in Malawi. Methods: A questionnaire-based study was conducted on 237 health professionals working in 15 private or mission, secondary and tertiary hospitals in Malawi. Data were collected using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire anda hospital checklist. The study used analytical data analysis and Binary Logistic Regression Model analysis. Adequate knowledge was set at a score of more than 80% based on a review of available literature. To understand the knowledge of the population, the study categorized the knowledge score percentage to less than 50% as inadequate knowledge, from 50% to 80% as some knowledge or knowledgeable, and above 80% as adequate knowledge. Results: The study showed that knowledge and practice levels of health professionals on enteral nutrition support of critically ill patients in Malawi have much room for improvement. They registered a mild average knowledge score percentage of 53%. Although 73% of the health professionals had a knowledge score percentage of above 50%, only 1.3% had a knowledge score percentage above 80%. Similarly, the practices of health professionals were also unsatisfactory, but they showed favourable attitudes. Conclusion: Current levels of knowledge and practices of Malawi's health professionals regarding enteral nutrition support of critically ill patients are poor despite prevailing health professionals favourable attitudes towards enteral nutrition. This study identified factors that would influence health professionals in Malawi to develop the necessary knowledge and skills. The factors identified include the provision of commercial enteral nutrition products, the institutionalisation of enteral nutrition protocols, establishments of medical nutrition therapy teams and ongoing in-service training in enteral nutrition support.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Enterale voeding is die verkose roete van voedingsorg in volwasse kritiek siek pasiente indien die gastro-enterale kanaal funksioneel is. Daar is beperkte inligting beskikbaar oor enterale voedingsorg in kritiek siek pasiente in Malawi en daarom het die studie ten doel gehad om kennis, houding en praktyke van gesondheidswerkers oor enterale voedingsorg van kritiek siek pasiente in distrik en sentrale hospitale van Malawi te bepaal. Metodes: ‘n Vraelys-gebaseerde studie is gedoen op 237 gesondheidswerkers werksaam in 15 privaat of sending, sekondere en tersiere hospitale in Malawi. Data is ingesamel deur middel van self-voltooide semi-gestruktureerde vraelyste en’n hospitaal-kontrolelys. Binere logistieke regressie- en analitiese metodes is gebruik. ‘n Punt van 80% en hoer is gestel as voldoende kennis gebaseer op bestaande literatuur. Verdere subverdeling van die kennispunt is gedoen, met ‘n perentasie <50% wat onvoldoende kennis aandui; tussen 50-80% wat kundigheid aandui en >80% wat dui op voldoende kennis. Resultate: Die studie het getoon dat die kennis en praktyke van gesondheidswerkers oor enterale voedingsorg in kritiek siek pasiente in Malawi ‘n groot rede tot kommer is met ‘n gemiddelde kennis van slegs 53%. Alhoewel 73% van die gesondheidswerkers ‘n kennis van >50% verkry het, het slegs 1.3% voldoende kennis (> 80%) getoon. Die gesondheidswerkers het gesukkel om faktore te identifiseer wat nodig is vir die praktiese implementering van enterale voeding, alhoewel hulle ‘n positiewe houding getoon het. Die resultate dui dus daarop dat gesondheidswerkenrs in Malawi wel kundig is, maar nie voldoende kennis besit nie. Hulle vertoon ook onaanvaarbare praktyke rakende enterale voeding, ten spyte van ‘n positiewe houding jeens enterale voeding. Gevolgtrekking: Huidige kennis en praktyke van gesondheidswerkers oor enterale voedingsorg van kritiek siek pasiënte is onvoldoende, ten spyte van ‘n positiewe ingesteldheid. Hierdie studie het faktore identifiseer wat gesondheidswerkers in Malawi sal beinvloed om die nodige kennis en vaardighede te bekom. Dit sluit die voorsiening van kommersiele enterale voedings, instelling van enterale voedingriglyne en mediese voedingsspanne, en gereelde indiensopleiding oor enterale voedingondersteuning in.
Description
(Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2021.
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