The relationship between parenting style and prosocial behaviour of preadolescents in a South African context

Date
2020-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Prosocial behaviour plays an important role in preadolescents’ development of social skills. Research has established that parenting styles are important correlates of the youth’s prosocial behaviour. The current study examined the associations between different types of parenting styles (i.e. authoritarian, authoritative, permissive), which historically have influenced the prosocial behaviour of children. The present study aimed to identify aspects of parenting style that are associated with prosocial behaviour, situated within the sphere of Baumrind’s parenting styles typology (1981). The study was conducted at two secondary schools in the Athlone District in the Western Cape, South Africa. A cross-sectional design was used to conduct the study with a sample of 120 preadolescents (35 boys (29%), and 87 girls (71%), mean age 13.5 years). Data was collected using the parenting styles dimensions questionnaire (PSDQ) and the revised prosocial tendencies measure (PTM-R). These are self-reporting measures that were used to assess the parenting style of the participants’ mothers and fathers. Quantitative analyses revealed the following factors to be statistically significantly correlated with prosocial behaviour in preadolescents in this sample: The quantitative findings were reported in terms of two constructs, namely parenting style (with corresponding parenting characteristics) and the dimensions of prosocial behaviour. Maternal authoritarian parenting was significantly positively associated with one type of prosocial behaviour, namely dire. The parenting characteristics, connection and regulation, displayed by mothers are both positively correlated with anonymous prosocial behaviour. Paternal authoritative parenting is significantly and positively associated with one type of prosocial behaviour, namely public. The results for fathers reflect a significant positive correlation between the parenting style characteristics, connection and punitive and public and anonymous prosocial behaviour. However, the fathers’ parenting characteristic, namely autonomy granting, was significantly negatively correlated with altruistic prosocial behaviour. No significant correlations were found between parenting style and permissive parenting. The results reflect a relationship between the parenting styles (and the characteristics of the parenting styles) and certain types of prosocial behaviour by the participants in this study. These findings suggest that authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles influence the prosocial behaviour of preadolescents in a low socio-economic community in South Africa. Furthermore, the results suggest that change relating to parenting style and the associated parenting characteristics, e.g., authoritative parenting and connection, may influence prosocial behaviour in preadolescents in the future. The results can also be used by community development practitioners to conduct parenting workshops to inform parents about the different parenting styles and the related characteristics. The findings of the current study might contribute to the development of prosocial behaviour in youth living on the Cape Flats in the Western Cape Province, South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Prososiale gedrag speel ’n groot rol in die ontwikkeling van die sosiale vaardighede van voor-adolessente. Navorsing het bevestig dat ouerskapstyle bydra tot die jeug se prososiale gedrag. Die huidige studie het die verbintenisse ondersoek tussen verskillende ouerskapstyle (naamlik outoritêr, gesaghebbend en permissief) wat histories gevind is om die prososiale gedrag van kinders te beïnvloed. Die doel van die huidige studie was om aspekte van ouerskapstyle te identifiseer wat verband hou met prososiale gedrag, binne die sfeer van Baumrind (1981) se tipologie van ouerskapstyle. Die navorsing is gedoen by twee skole in die Athlone distrik in die Kaapse Metropool, Wes-Kaap provinsie, Suid-Afrika. ’n Deursnit-ontwerp is gebruik om die studie onder ’n steekproef van 120 voor-adolessente (35 seuns (29%) en 87 meisies (71%), gemiddelde ouderdom 13.5 jaar) te onderneem. Data is ingesamel met twee self-voltooiingsvraelyste, naamlik die ouerskap-vraelys (parenting styles dimensional questionnaire (PSDO)) en die hersiene prososiale tendensvraelys (revised prosocial tendencies measure (PTM-R)). Hierdie vraelyste is gebruik om die ouerskapstyle van die deelnemers se ma’s en pa’s te assesseer. Kwantitatiewe analise het getoon dat die volgende faktore statisties betekenisvol gekorreleer is met prososiale gedrag in voor-adolessente in hierdie steekproef: Die kwantitatiewe bevindings is gerapporteer in terme van twee konstrukte, naamlik ouerskapstyl (met ooreenstemmende ouerskapkenmerke) en die dimensies van prososiale gedrag. Moederlike outoritêre ouerskap is betekenisvol gekorreleer met een soort prososiale gedrag, naamlik nypend. Die ouerskapkenmerke, nl. verbintenis en regulasie, wat deur die moeders vertoon is, is albei positief gekorreleer met anonieme prososiale gedrag. Vaderlike outoritatiewe ouerskap is betekenisvol gekorreleer met een soort prososiale gedrag, naamlik openbaar. Die resultate vir die vaders weerspieël ’n positiewe korrelasie tussen die volgende kenmerke van ouerskapstyle, nl. verbintenis en bestraffend en die prososiale gedragsdimensies openbaar en anoniem. Die vaders se ouerskapkenmerk, naamlik outomonietoekenning, is egter betekenisvol gekorreleer met altruïstiese prososiale gedrag. Geen betekenisvolle korrelasies is gevind tussen die permissiewe ouerskapstyl en prososiale gedrag nie. Die resultate weerspieël ’n verhouding tussen die ouerskapstyle (en die kenmerke van die ouerskapstyle) en sekere soorte prososiale gedrag van die deelnemers aan hierdie studie. Hierdie bevindings stel voor dat outoritêre en gesaghebbende ouerskapstyle die prososiale gedrag van voor-adolessente in ’n lae sosioëkonomiese gemeenskap in Suid-Afrika beïnvloed. Verder suggereer hierdie resultate dat verandering wat verband hou met ouerskapstyl, tesame met die verwante kenmerke van ouerskap, bv. outoritêre ouerskap en verbintenis, in die toekoms prososiale gedrag in voor-adolessente kan beïnvloed. Die resultate kan ook deur gemeenskapsontwikkelingspraktisyns gebruik word om ouerskapswerkswinkels aan te bied om ouers in te lig oor die verskillende ouerskapstyle en hulle verwante kenmerke. Die bevindings van die huidige studie kan moontlik bydra tot die ontwikkeling van prososiale gedrag deur jeugdiges wat op die Kaapse Vlakte in die Wes-Kaap van Suid-Afrika woon.
Description
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.
Keywords
Prosocial behaviour, Child development -- South Africa -- Western Cape -- Cape Flats, Parenting -- Psychological aspects, Social skills in children, Interpersonal relations, Authoritarianism (Personality trait), UCTD
Citation