Familial-environmental risk factors in South African children with ADHD : a case-control study
Date
2016-06-16
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Sage Publications
Abstract
We investigated familial and environmental risk factors in a cohort of South African children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A prospective, hospital-based case control study was conducted comprising 50 children diagnosed with ADHD and 50 matched non-ADHD controls. The adjusted effect of familial-environmental risk factors on ADHD was determined by systematic assessment. Birth complications, parental psychiatric disorder, maternal ADHD, early childhood trauma, and nonmaternal child care were significant risk factors for ADHD. Prolonged breastfeeding was found to be protective. In a multivariable logistic regression model, 5 criteria (birth complications, breastfeeding <3 months, at least 1 parent with tertiary education, presence of parental psychiatric disorder, and nonmaternal primary caregiver) differentiated ADHD from non-ADHD controls with a sensitivity and specificity of 74% and 86%, respectively. We found a correlation between certain familial and environmental risk factors and ADHD. A 5-criterion multivariable logistic regression model may offer clinical guidance in ADHD diagnosis.
Description
CITATION: Van Dyk, L. et al. 2015. Familial-Environmental Risk Factors in South African Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Case-Control Study. Journal of Child Neurology, 30(10):1327–1332, doi:10.1177/0883073814560630.
The original publication is available at https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jcn
The original publication is available at https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jcn
Keywords
familial-environmental risk factors, resource-constrained body, ADHD, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Citation
Van Dyk, L. et al. 2015. Familial-Environmental Risk Factors in South African Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Case-Control Study. Journal of Child Neurology, 30(10):1327–1332, doi:10.1177/0883073814560630.