Browsing by Author "Maritz, J. S."
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- Item'n Oorsig van die bepaling van die vroeë bakterisidiese aktiwiteit van verskeie antituberkilosemiddels(AOSIS OpenJournals, 2003) Donald, P. R.; Sirgel, F. A.; Venter, A.; Fourie, P. B.; Parkin, D. P.; Seifart, H. I.; Van de Wal, B. W.; Maritz, J. S.Die vroeë bakterisidiese aktiwiteit (VBA) van ’n antituberkulosemiddel is die daaglikse afname van M tuberculosis in log10 kolonievormende eenhede per ml sputum, tydens die eerste twee dae van behandeling met die middel. Dit weerspieël die vermoë van ’n middel om aktief metaboliserende organismes in tuberkulose-longholtes te dood. Dit is ’n relatief goedkoop metode om in ’n klein groep pasiënte die antituberkulose-aktiwiteit van ’n middel, binne maande, in vivo te evalueer. Hierdie artikel som ons ondervinding op tydens sewe gepubliseerde VBA-studies, en die bronne van variasie in die prosedure word identifiseer. Die pasiënte in hierdie studies was gemiddeld 33 jaar oud, met ’n gemiddelde gewig van 50 kg en 55% het ekstensiewe of massiewe longaantasting gehad. Die hoogste VBA-waardes (0,50-0,66) is gevind in pasiënte wat isoniasied ontvang het, en die laagste waardes (0,05 en 0,09 respektiewelik) was gevind in pasiënte wat die aminoglikosiede amikasien en paromomisien, albei in doserings van 15 mg/kg liggaamsgewig, ontvang het. Die algehele variasie in die VBA van 248 pasiënte was 0,0312, en die variasie toegeskryf aan die proses van sputumproduksie en -versameling was 0,0223. Dit blyk dat die verskillende aspekte van sputumproduksie en -versameling, betrokke by die lewering van ’n verteenwoordigende sputummonster, ’n groter bydrae maak tot variasie tydens die prosedure as die laboratoriumaspekte van die tegniek. Die keuring van pasiënte vir insluiting in VBA-studies, en hulle vermoë om saam te werk om ’n verteenwoordigende sputummonster te produseer, is van deurslaggewende belang in die suksesvolle voltooiing van VBA-studies.
- ItemThymic size at birth in preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome can be used to predict the likelihood of survival : a retrospective cohort study(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2010) Tooke, L. J.; Smith, J.; Griffith-Richards, S.; Maritz, J. S.Objective. To determine whether the thymic size in preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) canbe used to predict survival. We also set out to determine which antenatal and postnatal factors have an influence on, or correlation with, thymic size. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 55 consecutive preterm infants who were ventilated for RDS. A chest X-ray (CXR) was taken within the first 24 hours, and the cardiothymic/thoracic ratio (CT/T ratio) calculated. This ratio was then correlated with outcome, as well as antenatal maternal and postnatal factors. Results. Of the 49 infants included in the study (6 were excluded), 15 died and 34 survived. There was a statistically significant correlation between the CT/T ratio and survival (p=0.029). In those infants above 1 030 g, the CT/T ratio was more significant (p=0.038) than birth weight in predicting survival. The severity of RDS did not influence the CT/T ratio. The only maternal and postnatal factors influencing CT/T ratio were the presence of pre-eclamptic toxaemia (PET) and birth by caesarean section (CS), but these factors did not influence likelihood of survival. Factors found to be not associated with thymic size were antenatal steroid administration, maternal HIV status, clinical chorio-amnionitis, gender, gestational age (small or appropriate weight) and lymphocyte count. Conclusions. A small thymus measured in the first 24 hours can be used to predict likelihood of survival in infants weighing more than 1 030 g, but not in smaller infants. Prenatal stress associated with PET and indication for CS may cause the thymus to shrink.