Browsing by Author "Machado, Adelina"
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- ItemGenetic diversity and potential routes of transmission of Mycobacterium bovis in Mozambique(Public Library of Science, 2018) Machado, Adelina; Rito, Teresa; Ghebremichael, Solomon; Muhate, Nuelma; Maxhuza, Gabriel; Macuamule, Custodia; Moiane, Ivania; Macucule, Baltazar; Marranangumbe, Angelica Suzana; Baptista, Jorge; Manguele, Joaquim; Koivula, Tuija; Streicher, Elizabeth M.; Warren, Robin Mark; Kallenius, Gunilla; Van Helden, Paul; Correia-Neves, MargaridaBovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease with largely unknown impact in Africa, with risk factors such as HIV and direct contact with animals or consumption of Mycobacterium bovis infected animal products. In order to understand and quantify this risk and design intervention strategies, good epidemiological studies are needed. Such studies can include molecular typing of M. bovis isolates. The aim of this study was to apply these tools to provide novel information concerning the distribution of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in Mozambique and thereby provide relevant information to guide policy development and strategies to contain the disease in livestock, and reduce the risk associated with transmission to humans. A collection of 178 M. bovis isolates was obtained from cattle in Mozambique. Using spoligotyping and regions of difference analysis, we classified the isolates into clonal complexes, thus reporting the first characterisation of M. bovis strains in this region. Data from MIRU-VNTR typing was used to compare isolates from a number of African countries, revealing a deeply geographically structured diversity of M. bovis. Eastern Africa appears to show high diversity, suggesting deep evolution in that region. The diversity of M. bovis in Africa does not seem to be a function of recent importation of animals, but is probably maintained within each particular region by constant reinfection from reservoir animals. Understanding the transmission routes of M. bovis in Mozambique and elsewhere is essential in order to focus public health and veterinary resources to contain bovine tuberculosis.
- ItemMargarida Genetic diversity and potential routes of transmission of Mycobacterium bovis in Mozambique(Public Library of Science, 2018) Machado, Adelina; Rito, Teresa; Ghebremichael, Solomon; Muhate, Nuelma; Maxhuza, Gabriel; Macuamule, Custodia; Moiane, Ivania; Macucule, Baltazar; Marranangumbe, Angelica Suzana; Baptista, Jorge; Manguele, Joaquim; Koivula, Tuija; Streicher, Elizabeth M.; Warren, Robin Mark; Kallenius, Gunilla; Van Helden, Paul; Correia-Neves, MargaridaENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease with largely unknown impact in Africa, with risk factors such as HIV and direct contact with animals or consumption of Mycobacterium bovis infected animal products. In order to understand and quantify this risk and design intervention strategies, good epidemiological studies are needed. Such studies can include molecular typing of M. bovis isolates. The aim of this study was to apply these tools to provide novel information concerning the distribution of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in Mozambique and thereby provide relevant information to guide policy development and strategies to contain the disease in livestock, and reduce the risk associated with transmission to humans. A collection of 178 M. bovis isolates was obtained from cattle in Mozambique. Using spoligotyping and regions of difference analysis, we classified the isolates into clonal complexes, thus reporting the first characterisation of M. bovis strains in this region. Data from MIRU-VNTR typing was used to compare isolates from a number of African countries, revealing a deeply geographically structured diversity of M. bovis. Eastern Africa appears to show high diversity, suggesting deep evolution in that region. The diversity of M. bovis in Africa does not seem to be a function of recent importation of animals, but is probably maintained within each particular region by constant reinfection from reservoir animals. Understanding the transmission routes of M. bovis in Mozambique and elsewhere is essential in order to focus public health and veterinary resources to contain bovine tuberculosis.
- ItemMycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype is associated with HIV infection in Mozambique(Public Library of Science, 2013-08-07) Viegas, Sofia O.; Machado, Adelina; Groenheit, Ramona; Ghebremichel, Solomon; Pennhag, Alexandra; Gudo, Paula S.; Cuna, Zaina; Langa, Egídio; Miotto, Paulo; Cirillo, Daniela M.; Rastogi, Nalin; Warren, Rob; Van Helden, Paul D.; Koivula, Tuija; Kullenius, GunillaThe Beijing genotype is a lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is distributed worldwide and responsible for large epidemics, associated with multidrug-resistance. However, its distribution in Africa is less understood due to the lack of data. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and possible transmission of Beijing strains in Mozambique by a multivariate analysis of genotypic, geographic and demographic data. A total of 543 M. tuberculosis isolates from Mozambique were spoligotyped. Of these, 33 were of the Beijing lineage. The genetic relationship between the Beijing isolates were studied by identification of genomic deletions within some Regions of Difference (RD), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetivie Unit – variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR). Beijing strains from South Africa, representing different sublineages were included as reference strains. The association between Beijing genotype, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) serology and baseline demographic data was investigated. HIV positive serostatus was significantly (p=0.023) more common in patients with Beijing strains than in patients with non-Beijing strains in a multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex and province (14 (10.9%) of the 129 HIV positive patients had Beijing strains while 6/141 (4.3%) of HIV negative patients had Beijing strains). The majority of Beijing strains were found in the Southern region of Mozambique, particularly in Maputo City (17%). Only one Beijing strain was drug resistant (multi-drug resistant). By combined use of RD and spoligotyping, three genetic sublineages could be tentatively identified where a distinct group of four isolates had deletion of RD150, a signature of the “sublineage 7” recently emerging in South Africa. The same group was very similar to South African “sublineage 7” by RFLP and MIRU-VNTR, suggesting that this sublineage could have been recently introduced in Mozambique from South Africa, in association with HIV infection.