Browsing by Author "Derman, Wayne"
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- ItemExercise-based rehabilitation for major non-communicable diseases in low-resource settings : a scoping review(BMJ Publishing Group, 2019) Heine, Martin; Lupton-Smith, Alison; Pakosh, Maureen; Grace, Sherry L.; Derman, Wayne; Hanekom, Susan D.Introduction: While there is substantial evidence for the benefits of exercise-based rehabilitation in the prevention and management of non-communicable disease (NCD) in high-resource settings, it is not evident that these programmes can be effectively implemented in a low-resource setting (LRS). Correspondingly, it is unclear if similar benefits can be obtained. The objective of this scoping review was to summarise existing studies evaluating exercise-based rehabilitation, rehabilitation intervention characteristics and outcomes conducted in an LRS for patients with one (or more) of the major NCDs. Methods: The following databases were searched from inception until October 2018: PubMed/Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and trial registries. Studies on exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer or chronic respiratory disease conducted in an LRS were included. Data were extracted with respect to study design (eg, type, patient sample, context), rehabilitation characteristics (eg, delivery model, programme adaptations) and included outcome measures. Results: The search yielded 5930 unique citations of which 60 unique studies were included. Study populations included patients with cardiovascular disease (48.3%), diabetes (28.3%), respiratory disease (21.7%) and cancer (1.7%). Adaptations included transition to predominant patient-driven home-based rehabilitation, training of non-conventional health workers, integration of rehabilitation in community health centres, or triage based on contextual or patient factors. Uptake of adapted rehabilitation models was 54%, retention 78% and adherence 89%. The majority of the outcome measures included were related to body function (65.7%). Conclusions: The scope of evidence suggests that adapted exercise-based rehabilitation programmes can be implemented in LRS. However, this scope of evidence originated largely from lower middle-income, urban settings and has mostly been conducted in an academic context which may hamper extrapolation of evidence to other LRS. Cost-benefits, impact on activity limitations and participation restrictions, and subsequent mortality and morbidity are grossly understudied.
- Item“I was like intoxicated with this positivity”: the politics of hope amongst participants in a trial of a novel spinal cord injury rehabilitation technology in South Africa(Taylor and Francis, 2020-09) Evans, Robert W.; Bantjes, Jason; Shackleton, Claire L.; West, Sacha; Derman, Wayne; Albertus, Yumna; Swartz, LesliePurpose: This study discussed the reports by participants in a randomised controlled trial of a novel intervention for spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation in Cape Town, South Africa. Materials and methods: Sixteen participants were randomised to rehabilitation involving the use of robotic locomotor training, a novel technology, or to a group receiving an activity-based intervention. All participants were interviewed before the intervention and at six months follow-up. Results: In a context in which rehabilitation services for SCI are virtually non-existent, all participants approached the study with enthusiasm and expressed gratitude for participation. They had high hopes for what the programme could achieve, with many believing, perhaps incorrectly, that the programme would help them walk independently again. While hope and enthusiasm are useful for adherence to experimental intervention studies, there is a danger, especially in poorly resourced contexts, for participants to experience considerable disappointment following false hope not being realised. This raises important ethical issues for researchers interested in the potential of new technologies to promote health in poorly resourced contexts. Conclusions: For clinicians, the path between supporting positive emotions (which may lead to positive outcomes), and confronting unrealistic hope (which may lead to negative outcomes) may be difficult. Follow-up with participants after re-integration into their communities is important to determine long-term psychological impact. Pan African Clinical Trial Number: PACTR201608001647143 IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: In low-resource contexts where there is a low level of access to rehabilitation services, such access in the context of a trial of a new intervention may engender hope in a group of people with spinal cord injury. This hope may increase when a new technology is used, as was the case in this study. Hope can be very helpful to people entering rehabilitation, but unrealistic hope and expectations may have negative implications in the longer term. In this study, expectations of participants centred, unrealistically, around regaining the ability to walk again, despite past experiences and medical advice suggesting otherwise. A thin line exists between supporting high expectations and confronting unrealistic hope. This conundrum is difficult for the clinician, as both inappropriate hope and undue pessimism about an intervention have the potential to cause harm. Participant follow-up after the end of any innovative trial is important, not just to monitor physical progress, but also, where necessary, to support participants through a potential period of disillusionment when they find their expectations have not been fully met.
- ItemInfectious Diseases Outbreak Management Tool for endurance mass participation sporting events : an international effort to counteract the COVID-19 spread in the endurance sport setting(BMJ Publishing Group, 2021) Adami, Paolo Emilio; Cianca, John; McCloskey, Brian; Derman, Wayne; Steinacker, Juergen Michael; O'Connor, Francis; Migliorini, Sergio; Budgett, Richard; Yamasawa, Fumihiro; Lereim, Inggard; Bigard, Xavier; Troyanos, Chris; Garrandes, Frederic; Bermon, StephaneNo abstract available
- ItemPatient-reported outcome measures in key African languages to promote diversity in research and clinical practice (PROUD)—protocol for a systematic review of measurement properties(BMC (part of Springer Nature), 2021-06-05) Heine, Martin; Mokkink, Lidwine B.; Van Zyl, Chanel; Derman, Wayne; Hanekom, SusanIntroduction: Sub-Saharan Africa is a subcontinent with a proud cultural richness and diversity, yet inexplicably also a region with severe health care challenges and inequity. To challenge this health equity gap and reduce the burden of disease, the patient’s voice in monitoring and evaluation of health and health care interventions is paramount. The aim of this two-phased review is to map the availability of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in a selection of non-English, African Languages, and systematically evaluate the measurement properties of the PROMs that were identified. Methods: This systematic review will be conducted in two phases. In phase 1, we will scope the literature for patientreported outcome measures (PROMs), either developed from scratch or through translation and validation in a sub-Saharan African country and a selection of non-English, African languages (n = 31; spoken in > 10 million people and/or a national language). The availability of PROMs will be mapped against the previously reported burden of disease in the respective countries included. Subsequently, in phase 2, we systematically evaluate the measurement properties of these PROMs using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology for systematic reviews on PROMs. To ensure rigour, secondary searches will be developed to specifically locate articles that report on the measurement properties of the PROMs identified during phase 1. The evidence will be graded using the modified GRADE approach. Discussion: This review will provide a comprehensive overview and quality appraisal of PROMs developed in non-English, African languages. Consequently, this review when concluded may be an important first step in promoting access to these PROMs for use in clinical practice and research, as well as facilitate identification and prioritization of key knowledge gaps.