The stereotype content model and the secondary transfer effect in the South African context

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dc.contributor.advisorSwart, Hermannen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKöhler, Nikita Stefanieen_ZA
dc.contributor.otherStellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Psychologyen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-09T08:55:09Zen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-29T09:37:44Zen_ZA
dc.date.available2022-03-09T08:55:09Zen_ZA
dc.date.available2022-04-29T09:37:44Zen_ZA
dc.date.issued2022-03-09en_ZA
dc.descriptionThesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2022.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractENGLISH SUMMARY: Stereotypes are cognitive schemas involved in automatic processing. Certain traits are assigned to all members of a social group regardless of the actual variation in individuals’ characteristics. Negative stereotypes constitute the cognitive underpinning of prejudices that lie at the heart of maintaining intergroup tensions and conflict (Weiten, 2018). Racialized stereotypic thinking has played a fundamental role in the development and maintenance of the apartheid system in South Africa and continues to influence prejudice and intergroup tensions in South Africa today (see Alexander & Tredoux, 2010; Talbot & Durrheim, 2012). The research described in this thesis explored South African stereotypic thinking using the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), a framework developed by Fiske et al. (1999). The SCM explores group-level stereotypes along the dimensions of perceived group warmth and perceived group competence. The present research had two aims. The first aim was to replicate the existing SCM research using traditional groups from the South African context and to establish the location of prominent South African groups within the SCM matrix. Fifteen social groups were evaluated by 640 white South African Stellenbosch University students on the dimensions of warmth and competence through the completion of an online survey. In line with the two primary SCM hypotheses the results showed that firstly, all fifteen social groups arrayed on the perceived warmth and competence, supporting the two-dimension hypothesis of the SCM (Fiske, 2018). Secondly, all social groups were rated ambivalently, high on one dimension and low on the other, supporting the ambivalent stereotype hypothesis (Fiske, 2018). Although both hypotheses were supported, a true validation of the SCM in South Africa requires the use of a more demographically representative sample. The second aim of the present research was to increase the application potential and impact of the SCM by integrating the SCM with research on the Secondary Transfer Effect (STE) of intergroup contact (Boin et al., 2021; Pettigrew, 2009). Recent advances in contact theory show that the benefits of positive intergroup contact (in the form of more positive outgroup attitudes) can extend beyond the outgroup member encountered as well as their outgroup, to include more positive attitudes towards other (secondary) outgroups, known as the Secondary Transfer Effect (STE) of contact (Pettigrew, 2009). Perceived outgroup similarity along the dimensions of warmth and competence (as generated by the SCM) has been shown by Asbrock et al. (manuscript in preparation) to be a useful tool when exploring the STE as a function of perceived outgroup similarity. As such, the present research aimed to explore the relative size of correlations between attitudes towards social groups within the same SCM quadrant (high warmth – high competence; high-warmth – low competence; low warmth – high competence; low warmth – low competence) versus those social groups in different quadrants of the SCM matrix. After rating each social group in terms of warmth and competence, participants indicated their attitudes towards each social group. The results indicated that social groups situated within the same quadrants were rated more similarly in terms of attitudes than those located in other quadrants. Although only offering limited support for the SCM as a means of operationalising group similarity, these results indicate promising trends for future research aiming to integrate the SCM and the STE.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractAFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Stereotipes is kognitiewe skemas wat betrokke is by outomatiese prosessering. Sekere trekke word toegeskryf aan alle lede van ‘n sosiale groep, ongeag van die variasie in terme van individue se ware karaktertrekke. Negatiewe stereotipes vorm die kognitiewe basis van vooroordele wat sentraal staan tot die handhawing van spanning en konflik tussen groepe (Weiten, 2018). Rasgebaseerde stereotipiese denke het ‘n fundamentele rol gespeel in die ontwikkeling en handhawing van die Apartheidsisteem in Suid-Afrika en beïnvloed steeds vooroordeel en spanning tussen groepe in Suid-Afrika vandag (sien Alexander & Tredoux, 2010; Talbot & Durrheim, 2012). Die navorsing wat in hierdie tesis beskryf word het Suid-Afrikaanse stereotipiese denke ondersoek deur middel van die Stereotiep-Inhoud Model (SIM), ‘n raamwerk wat deur Fiske et al. (2009) ontwikkel is. Die SIM ondersoek stereotipes op groepsvlak na aanleiding van dimensies van waargenome groepswarmte en waargenome groepsbevoegdheid. Die huidige navorsing het twee doelwitte gehad. Die eerste doelwit was om die bestaande SIM-navorsing te repliseer deur gebruik te maak van tradisionele groepe uit die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks en om prominente Suid-Afrikaanse groepe binne die SIM-matrys te situeer. Vyftien sosiale groepe is aan die hand van ‘n aanlyn opname deur 640 wit Suid-Afrikaanse Stellenbosch Universiteitstudente evalueer na aanleiding van die dimensies van warmte en bevoegdheid. In lyn met die twee primêre SIM-hipoteses, het die resultate eerstens aangedui dat al vyftien sosiale groepe verskillend gegradeer is in terme van waargenome warmte en bevoegdheid, wat die twee-dimensie hipotese van die SIM ondersteun (Fiske, 2018). Tweedens is alle sosiale groepe ambivalent gegradeer, hoog op een dimensie en laag op die ander, wat die ambivalente stereotiep hipotese van die SIM ondersteun (Fiske, 2018). Alhoewel beide hipoteses ondersteun is, vereis ‘n genoegsame validasie van die SIM in Suid-Afrika die gebruik van ‘n meer demografies verteenwoordigende steekproef. Die tweede doelwit van die huidige navorsing was om die toepassingspotensiaal en impak van die SIM te vergroot deur dit te integreer met navorsing oor die Sekondêre Oordragseffek (SOE) van intergroepskontak (Boin et al., 2021; Pettigrew, 2009). Onlangse wendings in terme van kontakteorie dui aan dat die voordele van positiewe intergroepskontak (in die vorm van meer positiewe buitegroephoudings) verder kan strek as die buitegroeplid met wie in aanraking gekom word, sowel as hulle buitegroep, en meer positiewe houdings teenoor ander (sekondêre) buitegroepe kan insluit, ‘n verskynsel wat bekendstaan as die Sekondêre Oordragseffek (SOE) van kontakteorie (Pettigrew, 2009). Waargenome buitegroep-oorenkomste na aanleiding van die dimensies van warmte en bevoegdheid (soos gegenereer deur die SIM) is deur Asbrock et al. (manuskrip in voorbereiding) getoon om ‘n nuttige hulpmiddel te wees wanneer die SOE as ‘n funksie van waargenome buitegroep-ooreenkoms ondersoek word. Die huidige navorsing was dus daarop gemik om die relatiewe grootte van korrelasies te ondersoek in terme van houdings teenoor sosiale groepe binne dieselfde SIM-kwadrant (hoë warmte – hoë bevoegdheid; hoë warmte – lae bevoegdheid; lae warmte – hoë bevoegdheid; lae warmte – lae bevoegdheid) teenoor die sosiale groepe in ander kwadrante van die SIM-matrys. Nadat elke sosiale groep in terme van warmte en bevoegdheid gegradeer is, het deelnemers hulle houdings ten opsigte van elke sosiale groep aangedui. Die resultate het aangedui dat sosiale groepe wat geleë is binne dieselfde kwadrante meer soortgelyk gegradeer is in terme van houdings as dié wat in ander kwadrante geleë was. Alhoewel hierdie resultate slegs beperkte ondersteuning bied vir die SIM as ‘n doelmiddel om groepsoortgelykheid te operasionaliseer, toon hulle belowende tendense aan vir toekomstige navorsing wat daarop gemik is om die SIM en die SOE te integreer.af_ZA
dc.description.versionMastersen_ZA
dc.format.extentxii, 148 pages : illustrationsen_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/124863en_ZA
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherStellenbosch : Stellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.rights.holderStellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.subjectStereotype content modelen_ZA
dc.subjectSecondary transfer effecten_ZA
dc.subjectIntergroup relationsen_ZA
dc.subjectStereotypesen_ZA
dc.subjectPrejudiceen_ZA
dc.titleThe stereotype content model and the secondary transfer effect in the South African contexten_ZA
dc.typeThesisen_ZA
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