Evaluating the performance of the citrus export cold chain to the United States of America : a case study

dc.contributor.advisorGoedhals-Gerber, Leila Louiseen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDreyer, Miaen_ZA
dc.contributor.otherStellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Logistics.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-04T19:48:35Z
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-18T07:12:30Z
dc.date.available2023-03-04T19:48:35Z
dc.date.available2023-05-18T07:12:30Z
dc.date.issued2023-03-29
dc.descriptionThesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractENGLISH SUMMARY: South Africa (SA) is regarded as a top producer and exporter of citrus fruit, supplying high quality citrus to premium markets globally. The United States of America (USA) is supplied annually during the months of April to October with fresh South African citrus produce, namely soft citrus, oranges, grapefruit, lemons and limes, which conform with the international cold treatment regime for the USA. Most of the citrus fruit is distributed to the ports along the East Coast of the USA. The SA to USA citrus trade has shown significant growth and development over recent years in terms of containerised cold treatment citrus exports. However, the industry is concerned regarding the functionality and performance of the citrus export cold chain to the USA. Company M encouraged the research, which focused on evaluating the performance of the citrus export cold chain to the USA out of the Port of Cape Town. The focus of the research was directed on the South African component of the citrus export chain, namely from the cold storage phase until port of discharge (POD). The research attempted to identify and explore the challenges, vulnerabilities as well as opportunities in the citrus export chain. The research included in-depth expert interviews, electronic questionnaires as well as citrus export data covering the citrus exports to the USA over a ten-year period. Furthermore, secondary data, enhanced the research. From the analysis, it was apparent that the industry experienced significant growth in citrus exports, especially in that of soft citrus and easy peelers such as tangerines. While identifying the increased citrus exports, the data analysis highlighted that the chain is encountering several challenges such as co-operation from the port in terms of port functionality, road transportation reputation and cold store space capacity. These above-mentioned challenges affect the performance and functionality of the citrus export cold chain to the USA. Apart from these challenges, the impact thereof was researched, identifying delays in the export chain, further expenditure for stakeholders and a negative performance perception of the export chain. The results of the research revealed that the citrus export cold chain to the USA is performing adequately, however, has room for improvement to boost performance levels. While each phase highlighted concerns, the Port of Cape Town was stressed as the foremost concern in the exporting chain. Main findings highlighted poor port performance results, which included lacking port infrastructure and equipment, congestion, poor customer service and reliability, which negatively influence the citrus supply chain day-to-day operations. The research identified limited cold store space availability, transportation unreliability and cost as well shipping line equipment availability and expenditure as additional concerns.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractAFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika word gereken as ‘n top verbouer en uitvoerder van sitrusvrugte en verskaf sitrus produkte van hoogstaande gehalte aan verskeie internasionale markte. Jaarliks gedurende die maande van April to Oktober word die Verenigde State van Amerika voorsien van sitrusvrugte byvoorbeeld, sagte sitrus, lemoene, pomelo’s, suurlemoene en lemmetjies vanaf Suid-Afrika wat voldoen aan die internasionale temperatuur vereistes van die VSA. ‘Die meerderheid van Suid-Afrikaanse sitrusvrugte word versprei deur hawens aan die Ooskus van Amerika. Die sitrus handel tussen Suid-Afrika en Amerika toon merkwaardige toename en ontwikkeling ten opsigtevan koelhouer vervoer, alhoewel die industrie bedag is oor die effektiwiteit en handhawing van die sitrus koue ketting tydens die uitvoer van sitrusvrugte na Amerika. Maatskappy M het die navorsing ondersteun wat gefokus het op die evaluasie van die koue ketting sitrus uitvoere na Amerika vanuit die Kaapse hawe. Die navorsing het gefokus op die Suid-Afrikaanse komponent van die sitrus uitvoerketting, hoofsaaklik vanaf die koue stoor tot by die hawe aflaai punt in Amerika. Die navorsing het beoog om die uitdagtings, kwesbare areas asook die geleenthede te identifiseer en te ondersoek. Data insameling tegnieke het onderhoude ingesluit met industrie spesialiste, elektroniese aanlyn vraelyste asook sitrus uitvoer data na die VSA oor ‘n tydperk van tien jaar. Sekondere data byvoorbeeld gepubliseerde literatuur het bygedra om die navorsing bevindings te versterk. Die data-analise dui daarop dat Suid-Afrikaanse sitrus uitvoere beduidend toegeneem het, met ‘n verhoogde aanvraag vir sagte sitrus soos naartjies. Terselfdetyd het die data-analise bevindings verskeie uitdagings in die uitvoerketting geidentifiseer byvoorbeeld samewerking van die hawe met betrekking tot funksionaliteit, padvervoer kwaliteit en koue stoor bergings kapasiteit. Hierdie bogenoemde uitdagings het ‘n impak op die uitvoerbaarheid en effektiwiteit van die sitrus uitvoerketting na die VSA. Die impak van hierdie uitdagings op die sitrus uitvoerketting is nagevors en dra by tot ‘n verstadigde uitvoer proses, verhoogde uitgawes vir betrokke rolspelers en ‘n negatiewe effektiwiteits persepsie van die uitvoerketting. Die navorsing het bevind dat die sitrus uitvoerketting na Amerika voldoende is, alhoewel daar areas vir verbetering is sodat die sitrus uitvoer standard en proses kan verbeter. Daar is in elke skakel van die sitrus uitvoerketting tekortkominge geidentifiseer en aangespreek. Die Kaapse hawe is geidentifiseer as die grootse uitdaging in die sitrus koue uitvoerketting. Die navorsing het bevind dat swak hawe infrastruktuur en toerusting, onvoldoende klientediens, verkeer opeenhoping en vervoer betroubaarheid tekortkomings, die sitrus uitvoerketting negatief beinvloed. Die navorsing het verdere elemente geidentifiseer wat ‘n negatiewe impak het op die sitrus uitvoerketting byvoorbeeld beperkte koue stoor kapasiteit, vervoer onbetroubaarheid en onkostes asook vrag maatskappy toerusting beskikbaarheid en onkostes.af_ZA
dc.description.versionMasters
dc.format.extentxii, 158 pages : illustrations, maps, includes annexures
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/127259
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherStellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
dc.rights.holderStellenbosch University
dc.subject.lcshCitrus fruit industry -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshCitrus fruits -- Transportation -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshExports -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshCitrus fruit products -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subject.nameUCTD
dc.titleEvaluating the performance of the citrus export cold chain to the United States of America : a case studyen_ZA
dc.typeThesisen_ZA
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