Thyroid hormone and the heart

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorMoolman J.A.
dc.date.accessioned2011-05-15T15:56:43Z
dc.date.available2011-05-15T15:56:43Z
dc.date.issued2002
dc.description.abstractThyroid hormone has important cardiovascular effects, and abnormalities of its production cause cardiovascular morbidity. The role of both excessive and insufficient thyroid hormone production in the pathogenesis of clinical cardiac diseases can be deduced from thyroid hormone-induced molecular changes. Thyroid hormone regulates the expression of myocardial genes regulating the handling of calcium, which affects both systolic and diastolic myocardial function. Thyroid hormone also has indirect and direct effects on peripheral vascular smooth muscle tone, and alters the coupling of the left ventricle and arterial system. Excessive production of thyroid hormone results in an increased cardiac output as well as increased cardiac work efficiency, but reduced cardiac reserve. Amiodarone therapy for cardiac rhythm can cause both hyper- and hypothyroidism. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) can be due to either excessive thyroid hormone production (type I AIT) or thyroid hormone release due to an inflammatory condition (type II AIT). Classification of AIT is helpful in guiding therapy. Amiodarone causes changes in the thyroid function tests of euthyroid patients on therapy - it inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3, which results in decreased T3 and slightly increased T4 serum levels in euthyroid patients. Baseline thyroid functions should therefore be determined before starting amiodarone therapy, and at 6-monthly intervals thereafter.
dc.description.versionReview
dc.identifier.citationCardiovascular Journal of South Africa
dc.identifier.citation13
dc.identifier.citation4
dc.identifier.issn10159657
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/10006
dc.subjectamiodarone
dc.subjectcalcium
dc.subjectliothyronine
dc.subjectthyroid hormone
dc.subjectthyroxine
dc.subjectcalcium transport
dc.subjectcardiovascular disease
dc.subjectcardiovascular effect
dc.subjectcardiovascular risk
dc.subjectdiastolic blood pressure
dc.subjectdisease classification
dc.subjectgene expression regulation
dc.subjectheart arrhythmia
dc.subjectheart left ventricle
dc.subjectheart output
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjecthyperthyroidism
dc.subjecthypothyroidism
dc.subjectmorbidity
dc.subjectpathogenesis
dc.subjectreview
dc.subjectsmooth muscle tone
dc.subjectsystolic blood pressure
dc.subjectthyroid function
dc.subjectthyroid hormone synthesis
dc.subjectthyrotoxicosis
dc.subjectthyroxine blood level
dc.subjectAmiodarone
dc.subjectAnti-Arrhythmia Agents
dc.subjectCardiovascular System
dc.subjectHeart
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectHyperthyroidism
dc.subjectHypothyroidism
dc.subjectThyroid Function Tests
dc.subjectThyroid Gland
dc.subjectThyroid Hormones
dc.subjectThyrotoxicosis
dc.titleThyroid hormone and the heart
dc.typeReview
Files
Collections
Stellenbosch University - Scopus Publications