Characterisation and detection of Pythium and Phytophthora species associated with grapevines in South Africa

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dc.contributor.authorSpies C.F.J.
dc.contributor.authorMazzola M.
dc.contributor.authorMcLeod A.
dc.date.accessioned2011-10-13T16:58:27Z
dc.date.available2011-10-13T16:58:27Z
dc.date.issued2011
dc.description.abstractReplant and decline diseases of grapevines not only cause quantitative and qualitative yield losses, but also result in extra costs when vineyards have to be replanted. This study investigated the role of Pythium and Phytophthora in the decline syndrome in South Africa by determining (1) the species associated with nursery and established vines, and (2) pathogenicity of Ph. sp. niederhauserii and P. vexans relative to known grapevine pathogens. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays were also developed for detection of the most prevalent oomycete groups. In total, 26 Pythium and three Phytophthora species were identified from grapevine nurseries and established vineyards. The most common infections in sampled nursery vines were caused by P. vexans (16.7%), followed by P. ultimum var. ultimum (15.0%) and P. irregulare (11.7%). In established vineyards, P. irregulare (18.0%) and P. vexans (6.2%) were also among the three most prevalent species, along with P. heterothallicum (7.3%). Three Phytophthora species were also identified from the sampled established vines, of which Ph. cinnamomi (5.1%) was predominant, followed by Ph. sp. niederhauserii (1.1%). In established vineyards a higher incidence and more diverse species composition was observed in spring and winter, than in summer. Pathogenicity studies showed that some Ph. sp. niederhauserii and P. vexans isolates were as aggressive as the known grapevine pathogens Ph. cinnamomi and P. irregulare. Sensitive qPCR assays were developed for the detection of P. ultimum var. ultimum, P. irregulare, P. vexans and the genus Phytophthora. These assays will be invaluable in limiting pathogen dispersal through screening of nursery material. This is especially important since pathogenic species were also isolated from healthy looking vines in nurseries. © 2011 KNPV.
dc.description.versionArticle
dc.identifier.citationEuropean Journal of Plant Pathology
dc.identifier.citation131
dc.identifier.citation1
dc.identifier.citationhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79960841781&partnerID=40&md5=979a425ad3811f3ef1a6bae064761390
dc.identifier.issn9291873
dc.identifier.other10.1007/s10658-011-9791-5
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16728
dc.subjectGrapevine decline
dc.subjectPathogenicity
dc.subjectPhytophthora sp. niederhauserii
dc.subjectPythium irregulare
dc.subjectPythium vexans
dc.subjectReal-time PCR
dc.subjectaggression
dc.subjectcrop damage
dc.subjectdetection method
dc.subjectdicotyledon
dc.subjectdisease incidence
dc.subjectdispersal
dc.subjecteukaryote
dc.subjecthost-pathogen interaction
dc.subjectinfectivity
dc.subjectnursery ground
dc.subjectpathogenicity
dc.subjectpolymerase chain reaction
dc.subjectreal time
dc.subjectspecies diversity
dc.subjectvine
dc.subjectvineyard
dc.subjectyield response
dc.subjectSouth Africa
dc.subjectCinnamomi
dc.subjectOomycetes
dc.subjectPhytophthora
dc.subjectPhytophthora sp.
dc.subjectPythium
dc.subjectPythium heterothallicum
dc.subjectPythium irregulare
dc.subjectPythium ultimum var. ultimum
dc.subjectPythium vexans
dc.subjectVitis
dc.titleCharacterisation and detection of Pythium and Phytophthora species associated with grapevines in South Africa
dc.typeArticle
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